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The catalytic efficiency of CeO2 carriers and the catalytic properties of palladium (Pd) nanocrystals loaded on different morphology CeO2 carrier were studied for lean methane (CH4) combustion. The catalytic activity of simple CeO2 carriers was ranked in the order of rod-CeO2(r-CeO2) > cube-CeO2(c-CeO2) > octahedral-CeO2(o-CeO2). After the Pd species was loaded on CeO2, 90% of CH4 was converted...
Ionic liquids have been considered for application in petroleum separation (especially in unconventional oil production) as interfacial functional materials at pure state or aqueous solution state. Herein, the interactions between bitumen and silica in ionic liquids (i.e., [Emim][BF4]) aqueous solution and pure ionic liquids have been investigated by dynamic contact angle, atomic force microscopy...
Char combustion is the main stage in the coal-burning process. The CO/CO2 ratio near the surface of a char particle is an important physical quantity that determines the temperature of the particle and that can also help explore the mechanism of char combustion. In this paper, we propose an innovative method, i.e., thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, to explore the char combustion...
A series of zirconium and molybdenum species incorporated into ordered mesoporous silicate KIT-6 (ZrMo-KIT-6) materials were designed and synthesized from a one-pot hydrothermal method. The influences of Zr and Mo contents and calcination temperature in ordered mesoporous structure and existing states of introduced Zr and Mo species were systematically researched by SXRD, N2-physisorption, TEM, elemental...
The effect of dissolved gases in natural water on the flotation behavior of coal was investigated by a combination of flotation tests, dynamic froth stability measurements, pulp rheology measurements, settling tests and induction time measurements. Better flotation performance with a lower dynamic froth stability (DFS) value was achieved in natural water compared to degassed water. Both pulp rheology...
Investigations of natural gas hydrate dissociation from a slurry to a water-in-oil emulsion are conducted in a high-pressure hydrate experimental flow loop equipped with on-line microcosmic instruments including a focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) probe and a particle video microscope (PVM) probe. Three stages of the dissociation processes are observed and sketched in a conceptual mechanistic...
Organic-rich shale, which is a heterogeneous material, has been studied extensively from various perspectives. Among all the components that constitute shale, organic matter is less known in regards to its mechanical properties. Since organic matter is relatively the softer part compared to inorganic minerals, high concentrations of it can have a significant impact on bulk mechanical properties of...
Mn, Fe, Mo or W as a promotor was introduced into ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3 (ZTA) composite oxides by impregnation method, in order to examine the influence of these promotors on catalytic activity and coking behaviors during n-decane cracking. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by several different techniques: N2 adsorption –desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed desorption of...
Although coalbed methane (CBM) poses potential safety hazards in coal mines, it can also be used as a clean energy source. Optimization of the borehole length to maximize gas drainage and efficient use of human and material resources are key factors that determine the feasibility and cost of CBM production. In addition, three geo-stress zones are commonly formed in front of the working face due to...
In this paper, we intensively investigate the influence of steam on the hetero-homogeneous joint ignition of dispersed coal particle streams in both O2/N2 and O2/CO2 conditions of an optically accessible flat-flame burner. Two differently ranked coals and one bituminous char were tested for a comparison. The effects of moisture content in the raw coal, steam content or diluents (N2/CO2) in the ambience,...
Shenhua (SH) demineralized char was employed to determine the relationship between the char conversion ratio and the surface behavior of particles. The amount, distribution and thermal stability of C(O) generated during the combustion process were clarified by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). CO2 was the primary gaseous product released during...
A lumped kinetic model for methanol to aromatics (MTA) process was investigated using modified ZSM-5 industrialized catalyst. The deactivation kinetic behavior of MTA was studied by developing a 5-lump kinetic model to describe the product distributions. The feedstock and products are divided into five lumps by simplifying reaction network, including oxygenates (methanol and dimethyl ether), C1 (CO,...
In this paper, the minimum ignition energy (MIE) for methane in an atmosphere of CO2/O2 is measured at 0.1–0.7 MPa and 183–273 K using a gas explosion experimental device that is able to withstand a temperature as low as 113 K. Effects of initial temperature (T0) and initial pressure (P0) on MIE are studied via experiment and a simple theoretical analysis. Results indicate that in our experimental...
The spray development and atomization are strongly influenced by the internal nozzle flow. In this study, a 3D cavitation-induced primary break-up method is proposed based on cavitation characteristics studies. The reason why to develop this advanced standard method and abandon the total Eulerian approach has been discussed. The transient cavitation characteristics inside a single-hole diesel injector...
To evaluate the effect of hydrogen fraction and equivalence ratio on the competitive relationship between flame and crack development, combustion experiments of H2/CO/air mixtures at various equivalence ratios and hydrogen fractions were conducted in a constant volume combustion chamber. The crack length and growth rate were defined. The results indicate that the crack length and the number of the...
Dedicated exhaust gas recirculation is an attractive way to improve the performances of internal combustion engines. Hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) are primary combustible components in the reforming cylinder. Detailed knowledge of the effects of H2/CO on knock tendency and intensity and even lean limit is essential for the better utilization of this sort of technologies. In this paper, the...
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is not satisfactory for the removal performance of thiophenic sulfurs, e.g., low S-partition coefficient KN (S). The unsatisfactory KN may be due to relatively low content of active O atom on PEG. Modification replacing –OH group with –OCH3 group can produce modified PEGs that have the higher active O-content. Polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, which was commonly known as...
In this study, distribution and leaching characteristics of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Se, Zn, and Hg) along flue gas cleaning systems were investigated in a hazardous waste incinerator located in Zhejiang, China. The particle size distribution, heavy metal loading, and morphological and mineralogical characteristics of solid incineration residues were assessed before and after acetic acid...
This paper presents ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations of pyrolysis and oxidation processes at 500–2500 K and 1000–2800 K performed using the GPU-enabled ReaxFF MD code of GMD-Reax and reaction analysis code of VARxMD. The simulation results of a large-scale coal model with varied types of N-containing groups shows that more than 65% N still remains in C40+ fragments and about 25% N migrates into...
The low-temperature pyrolysis of oxygen-containing functional groups in coal plays a vital role in coal spontaneous combustion. This paper conducted isothermal oxidation experiments on raw and pyrolyzed coal samples to investigate the influence of the content of oxygen-containing functional groups, pyrolysis temperature, oxidation temperature, particle size and pyrolysis-oxidation times on the oxidation...
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