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The study focuses on the investigation of the prison and camp guards during the Nazi occupation in the retributory court proceedings in Western Czech Silesia between 1945 and 1948. It aims to map the age, social and professional structure of the guards and their motivation to pursue such controversial profession. The subject of the research is also the attitude of the court system towards the individual guard categories and the influence of the broader social context on the severity of the sentences imposed by the court.