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The descending colon and rectum are innervated by primary afferent fibers projecting to the lumbosacral and thoracolumbar spinal cord segments. Previous work from this laboratory has suggested that afferent input and sensory processing in the lumbosacral spinal cord is necessary and sufficient to mediate reflex responses to transient colorectal stimulation while processing in both the lumbosacral...
This study examined the impact of pain on self-rated health status in the community-dwelling older adults using the 1993 public release data of the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD). AHEAD is a population-based household survey designed to examine the dynamic interactions between health, family, and economic variables among US older adults. Results showed that 33% of the older...
The role of operant conditioning for the development and maintenance of chronic pain was examined in 30 chronic back pain patients (CBP) and 30 matched healthy controls. Half of each group was reinforced for increased, half for decreased pain reports while EEG, EOG, heart rate, skin conductance and muscle tension levels were recorded. Both groups showed similar learning rates, however, the CBP patients...
In order to clarify the functional role of glutamate receptors of the gracile nucleus neurons in rats with nerve injury-induced hyperalgesia, pharmacological, electrophysiological and in situ hybridization techniques were used in rats with chronic constriction nerve injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. A total of 54 wide dynamic range neurons were recorded from the gracile nucleus in the rats with CCI...
The release of cytosol from damaged cells has been proposed to be a chemical trigger for nociception. K + , H + , adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and glutamate are algogenic agents within cytosol that might contribute to such an effect. To examine which, if any, compounds in cytosol activate ion channels on nociceptors, we recorded currents in dissociated nociceptors when nearby skin...
Biopsychosocial models of chronic pain hypothesize a role for psychological and environmental factors in adjustment to chronic pain. To test the utility of such models for understanding phantom limb pain, 61 persons with recent amputations were administered measures of average phantom limb pain intensity, pain interference, depression, pain coping use, pain cognitions and appraisals, and social environmental...
We describe two cases of self-injurious behaviour. One was a man with central post-stroke pain with maximal pain in the tip of the nose, who excavated his ala nasae - in which he subsequently continued to experience phantom pain. The second case a man who, following ophthalmic herpes zoster and possibly mild postherpetic neuralgia. He subsequently scratched his anaesthetic forehead down to the bone,...
Pain-related somatosensory-evoked potential following CO 2 laser stimulation (laser-evoked potential (LEP)) is now used not only for research objectives, but also for clinical applications. Estimating the conduction velocity (CV) of the spinothalamic tract (STT) by analyzing LEP following activation of Aδ-fibers (Aδ-CVSTT) by CO 2 laser stimulation has been performed previously, but...
In general, randomized controlled studies concerning return to work have failed to demonstrate significant treatment effects for long-lasting musculoskeletal pain, and most treatments examined have not been economically beneficial. Individuals (n=654) sick-listed for at least 8 weeks with musculoskeletal pain, selected from the Norwegian mandatory sickness insurance system and volunteering to participate,...
Most pain tests used for the assessment of drug analgesic activity in animal chronic pain models are based on the measurement of the response to an external acute stimulation (thermal, mechanical or electrical). But these stimuli are not related to the chronic pain experienced by the animal. Quantitative analysis of the spontaneous behaviour induced by the chronic pain state is needed. Several authors...
The search for alternative pharmacotherapies that target abnormal pain has focused on N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists, since they are efficacious in various chronic pain models. However, adverse effects of currently available agents limit their therapeutic usefulness. The naturally derived NMDAR antagonist peptide, histogranin, is thought to interact at a novel site on...
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating chronic syndrome that often arises from injuries to peripheral nerves. Such pain has been hypothesized to be the result of an aberrant expression and function of sodium channels at the site of injury. Here, we show that intrathecal administration of specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) to the peripheral tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant sodium channel, NaV1...
Clinicians use patients' recall of pain and disability relief as indicators of therapeutic effectiveness. Recall can change over time, however, and is influenced by factors other than true relief, including current health status. We have determined the trend in the relative contribution of current pain/disability and actual relief (current-baseline score) to relief recall over the course of 1 year...
We identified long-term (up to 12 weeks), bilateral changes in spontaneous and evoked pain behavior and baseline forebrain activity following a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. The long-term changes in basal forebrain activation following CCI were region-specific and can be divided into forebrain structures that showed either: (1) no change, (2) an increase, or (3) a decrease...
The development of tolerance to chronically administered methadone and morphine was examined in a rat model of neuropathic pain after ischemic nerve injury. In drug naive neuropathic rats systemically administered morphine or methadone similarly and dose-dependently alleviated mechanical allodynia. Tolerance to the anti-hyperalgesic effect of equally effective doses of morphine (10mg/kg) or methadone...
A number of studies reported striking differences in antinociceptive responses to morphine as a function of sex. Although sex differences in the sensitivity to morphine are widely characterized in rodents, the underlying causes are not identified. Gonadal steroids are believed to contribute to sex differences in response to opioid-induced antinociception. In rats, morphine is metabolized by glucuronidation...
Each spinal neuron has a receptive field that corresponds to stimulation of a specific area of skin or subcutaneous tissue. Receptive fields are plastic and can be altered during development and injury but the actions of neuromodulators, such as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) on receptive field properties are not well known. We used stimulation of multiple adjacent dorsal root spinal segments...
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