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Vertebral artery (VA) injury can be a catastrophic iatrogenic complication of cervical spine surgery. Although the incidence is rare, it has serious consequences including fistulas, pseudoaneurysm, cerebral ischemia, and death. It is therefore imperative to be familiar with the anatomy and the instrumentation techniques when performing anterior or posterior cervical spine surgeries.To provide a review...
Successful placement of pedicle screws in the cervical spine requires a sufficient three-dimensional understanding of pedicle morphology to allow accurate identification of the screw axis.The goal of the present study was to assess morphologic trends from one level to the next with respect to linear and angular parameters associated with the subaxial cervical pedicles.We evaluated the pedicle morphology...
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