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As a result of the recent Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy crisis in the European beef industry, safe animal by-product disposal is currently being addressed. One such disposal option is the combustion of by-product material such as meat and bone meal (MBM) in a fluidised bed combustor (FBC) for the purpose of energy recovery. Two short series of combustion tests were conducted on a FBC (10 cm diameter)...
In Lebanon, electric power is becoming the main energy form relied upon in all economic sectors of the country. Also, the time series of electrical energy consumption in Lebanon is unique due to intermittent power outages and increasing demand. Given these facts, it is critical to model and forecast electrical energy consumption. The aim of this study is to investigate different univariate-modeling...
Ammonia-water cycles can produce more power than steam Rankine cycles in several applications. One of these applications is as a bottoming cycle to internal combustion engines. In the present study, ammonia-water bottoming cycle configurations for spark-ignition gas engines and compression-ignition gas diesel engines have been compared. Single-pressure Rankine cycles have been used as a basis for...
The power+cooling load-to-heat ratio is defined as the effective utilization factor (EUF) for a cogeneration system as a new performance parameter. The optimum value of overall EUF of a solar cogeneration system is investigated. For optimum operation, primary performance parameters of the system are discussed. The results may provide some theoretical bases for the optimal design of solar cogeneration...
In this study, an attempt has been made to gasify coconut shell in a fluidized and a spouted bed reactor. The effects of the gasification temperature on individual gas components, their yields and heating values for both types of beds have also been studied. The fluidized bed appears slightly superior to the spouted bed both in respect to heating value and gas yield over the temperature range studied.
The findings in the recent energy economics literature that energy economic variables are non-stationary, have led to an implicit or explicit dismissal of the standard autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model in estimating energy demand relationships. Recent research, however, shows that the ARDL model remains valid when the underlying variables are non-stationary, provided the variables are cointegrated...
This paper introduces a new method to estimate and decompose sources of carbon dioxide emissions using the input-output model. This method uses what we call the 'mean rate-of-change index' for weights of the decomposed terms. In this journal, Ang et al. asserted that logarithmic mean divisia index is superior to Laspeyres index or its variants since the former reduces unexplained residual to zero...
This paper presents a model that uses non-fully connected Feedforward Artificial Neural Networks (FANNs) for the forecasting of a seawater-refrigerated power plant condenser performance using the heat transfer rate (Q), the heat transfer coefficient (U) and the cleanliness factor (F C ). The model developed includes FANNs that take into account the previous temporal values of the most important...
Current practices in the operation of boilers in the cement product industry in Kuwait have been studied and evaluated under actual working conditions. Experimental results are used to demonstrate deficiencies in the present operational procedures. A modified operational strategy has been developed and implemented. The results indicate up to a 25% reduction in diesel consumption and substantial savings...
We develop calibrated models of energy and material consumption patterns in the US steel industry, starting with an energy end-use model based on 1994 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) data. Then process-step models of material and energy use are developed and calibrated against the energy end-use model and data from the US Commerce Department and the American Iron and Steel Institute...
A novel absorption refrigeration cycle using centrifugal separation is described. The generator and condenser of a conventional absorption cycle are replaced with a single centrifuge and the absorbent-refrigerant solution is separated by centrifugal force. The reversible mechanical work required for separating a solution has been calculated and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the cycle determined...
A new model for the prediction of daily global radiation using three hourly radiation values is proposed. This model is obtained by multivariate regression analysis. The hourly clearness index and various qualitative variables are used as independent variables. The hourly values are obtained from net ground measures of hourly global radiation corresponding to the hours in which Meteosat secondary...
This paper presents results of an experimental investigation of the performance of solar air heaters with chamfered repeated rib-roughness on the airflow side of the absorber plates. The roughened elements have a relative roughness pitch of 4.58 and 7.09 while the rib chamfer angle is fixed at 15 o . For the airflow duct depths of 21.8, 21.5 and 16 mm, the relative roughness heights for the...
The focus of this work is to investigate the structure of residential energy consumption in the capital of a relatively large Aegean island and to propose remedial actions in order to reduce consumption and avoid environmental pressures. It was realized that unless policies to curtail electricity use are enacted (e.g., more efficient appliances, more high-efficiency lighting, curtailment of electricity-based...
The diverse characteristics of eight different energy technologies are summarized in the form of relative efficiencies using Data Envelopment Analysis. Data from a previously published study was employed for the purpose. The analysis showed that, given the data and variables considered in the analysis, solar photovoltaic and nuclear are the relatively best efficient technologies, followed by natural...
A study of the energy requirements for conditioning ventilation air and the yearly performance of a membrane-based energy recovery ventilator (MERV) in Hong Kong is carried out. The weather data are classified into six process regions in the psychrometric chart and the percentage of annual hours in each region is determined to describe different energy requirements. The variations in the amount of...
Thermochemical processes present a cyclic working mode combining two active phases separated by intermediate phases. A model coupling the solid-gas kinetics and heat and mass transfers in the reactive media was developed to simulate this cyclic working mode. With this model, the optimum values of the working conditions for a fixed reactor configuration had been defined in a previous work. The objective...
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