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A comparative analysis of the household energy consumption patterns and available biomass energy in six un-electrified villages of the Jorhat district of Assam is presented. This empirical study examines how the energy consumption patterns in six villages (Gariabhonga, Khongia, 8 No. Spur, Na-Jankhona, Upper-Deorigaon and Nam-Deorigaon), each representing different categories, are influenced by the...
Wind data from four stations in Oman are analyzed. The sites are located at latitudes from 17 o N to 23 o N and longitudes from 54 o E to 59 o E with nearly equal elevation (18 m) from sea level. Data are fitted to the Weibull distribution function. Weibull parameters are derived from the empirical cumulative function and used to calculate the mean wind speed and variance...
Based on a three-link model, this paper presents a multi-objective retrofit optimization algorithm that simultaneously takes into account capacity expansions and uses of energy. This approach was successfully applied to retrofit an aromatic fractionation unit. Compared to the original system, the capacity of the retrofitted system increased by 28% and the energy consumption decreased by 81.4%. The...
This paper describes the development of a mathematical model for determining the dimensions of a fixed dome type Deenbandhu model biogas plant, the most popular model constructed in India. The developed model could estimate the different dimensions within an absolute variation of 6%. This will help the designers to determine the dimensions of various capacities of a Deenbandhu model biogas plant for...
The National Programme on Improved Cookstoves (NPIC) was started by the Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources (MNES), Government of India, in 1985 to achieve the twin objectives of fuelwood conservation and smoke reduction in kitchens. NPIC has overseen the installation of 28 million improved cookstoves, saving nearly 20 million tons of firewood per year. These achievements, though seemingly...
Increasing energy efficiency makes embodied energy considerations increasingly significant. The energy initially embodied in a building could be as much as 67% of its operating energy over a 25-year period. If additional embodied energy gained over the building life is also included, the total life-cycle energy could be larger than the operating energy over the same period. Currently, embodied energy...
The set of a humid air turbine (HAT) operating without any aftercooler for the compressed air provides good conditions for the cogeneration of network heat because the temperature of the outlet gases is sufficiently high. The production of network heat does not decrease the amount of the produced electricity. The ratio of the annual production of electricity to the annual cogeneration of heat has...
Fertiliser salts are considered in the place of sodium chloride for operating solar ponds. A study was conducted to identify the potentially viable candidate fertiliser salts for Indian conditions. Muriate of potash, a potassic fertiliser, is found to have properties comparable to that of sodium chloride, and can generate energy at cheaper cost than urea.
Thermodynamic properties and refrigerating performance for the alternative R32/134a mixtures in water-to-water heat pumps have been analyzed. Also, its dynamic model and flammability during the leakage process have been investigated. The results show that R32/134a (30/70) is a good alternative for water-to-water heat pumps. But the possibility of burning and explosive accidents during the leakage...
A simple framework for the estimation of fly ash utilisation potential in India is presented. It also enables estimation of associated resource savings. Results of some typical calculations are presented and described briefly.
Primary copper production is a major activity in the mining sector of several countries. However, it is highly energy-intensive and poses important environmental hazards. In the case of Chile, the world's largest copper producer (40% of world total), we examine its energy consumption and energy-related environmental implications over a time horizon of 25 years. Concerning the latter, we focus on greenhouse-gas...
The impact of shading devices on the airflow across large openings during single-sided natural ventilation is investigated through an extensive experimental campaign. To quantify this impact the approach of the correction coefficient, already applied in non-shaded openings is used. The proposed methodology is independent from the climatic conditions of the test site. The correction coefficient and...
The maximum work from an electric battery in a finite time interval t C derived in a recent article in this journal is unreasonable. The reason is discussed in detail and the genuine maximum work is given. This shows that the result derived in the recent article is suitable only in the case t C ->~.
This study is a comparative analysis of energy consumption and CO 2 emission flows in the Nordic countries of Finland, Denmark, Norway and Sweden from the years 1960-1997. The comparative analyses are based on complete decomposition methodology, from which the authors provide an analysis of the dynamic changes of energy consumption and CO 2 emission flows in those Nordic economies...
This paper presents results of performance tests for R-22 and four alternative fluids (R-134a, R-32/134a (30/70%), R-407C, and R-410A) at operating conditions typical for a residential air conditioner. The study was performed in an experimental breadboard water-to-water heat pump in which a water/ethylene glycol mixture was used as the heat transfer fluid. The heat exchangers representing the evaporator...
In spite of the recent explosive growth in the use of office and network equipment, there has been no recent study (until this one) that estimates in detail how much electricity is consumed by that equipment in the United States.In this study, we examined energy use by office equipment and network equipment at the end of 1999. We classified office equipment into 11 types; for each type we estimated...
The Indian wind energy programme suffered a recent setback after being placed third in terms of total installed capacity of wind electricity in the world. This paper submits, based on analysis of field performance data, that the falling profitability of private windfarm operation in the country today can hardly attract large scale investment in the private sector. It further suggests that a right...
The use of reflecting panels for increasing energy gain, as demonstrated by use in greenhouses, was applied to conventional solar (thermal) collectors and photovoltaic panels. Several types of reflectors were considered in order of increasing sophistication, cost and enhancement coefficients. Calculations showed that the increase in energy gain ranged from 20 to 250%, depending on the type of equipment...
Energy use and carbon dioxide emissions for the Mexican iron and steel industry are analyzed from 1970 to 1996. To assess the trends in energy use and carbon dioxide emissions, we used a decomposition analysis based on physical indicators to decompose the intra-sectoral structural changes and efficiency improvements. We used a structure/efficiency analysis for international comparisons, considering...
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