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The causes of thermodynamic irreversibility in chemical reactions and other industrial chemical processes (in particular absorption, stripping, and heat transfer) and ways of reducing energy consumption have been examined. Some thermodynamic principles based on the Second Law of thermodynamics such as the so called ''counteraction principle,'' ''driving force method,'' ''quasi-static method,'' and...
The fuel adulteration problem is associated with environmental pollution, problems with engine performance, and tax losses. Here, results are presented of a survey in leaded gasoline and automotive diesel, obtained from service stations representative of all the oil companies operating in Greece. For this purpose, 165 samples of gasoline and 420 samples of automotive diesel were collected from various...
The performance of an 11.4 MW single-flash geothermal power plant in Denizli, Turkey, along with major plant components, was evaluated by using exergy analysis based on actual plant operation data. The geothermal power plant operation is described by following the flow of the geofluid, and the exergies of the geofluid at major plant locations are calculated and presented in tables. Exergy destruction...
An important element of an electricity market reform is stranded cost recovery. This paper explains the cause of stranded costs, describes four recovery mechanisms, evaluates these mechanisms using the criteria of recovery certainty, economic efficiency and equity, reviews the financial performance of 12 utilities in the US in connection to stranded cost recovery, and shows why the mechanism used...
Open sun drying (OSD) is the most common method of crop drying in developing countries. Despite several disadvantages, it is widely practiced because it is a simple way of drying. Crop temperature, temperature around the crop, solair temperature, and rate of moisture evaporation are the important parameters in OSD. The thermal behavior of OSD of green chillies, green pea, white gram (kabuli chana),...
Cool storage is a load management strategy for air conditioning loads, which shifts peak load by storing cooling capacity during off peak period. It allows the customer's electricity use for cooling to be shifted to off peak period, benefiting both the consumer and the utility. Reduction in peak demand and electricity cost depend on electricity tariff rates, operating strategy, cool storage capacity...
Usage of river, lake or underground water as heat source-sink in heat pump systems is rare in Turkey, in general, and in the city of Adana, in particular, which is situated 30 km inland from the north-eastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, the possibility of using Seyhan River, which bisects Adana and Seyhan dam lake, as heat source-sink is investigated. The temperature of Seyhan...
Woodfuel use in the Swedish district heating sector increased significantly from 1985 to 1999. This study analysed strategies and considerations concerning woodfuel procurement in district heating plants. Priorities and concerns in the industry involved an increased woodfuel share, ambitions to create an environmental image, cost minimisation, awareness about the role of energy policies for fuel choice,...
Several papers have dealt with methodological and application issues related to techniques for decomposing changes in environmental indicators. This paper aims to decompose changes in electricity intensity in Spanish industry and to explain the factors that contribute to these changes. Focusing on an energy intensity approach based on Divisia indices, we began by reviewing the two general parametric...
Thermodynamic optimization based on the first and the second law is developed to determine the optimal performance parameters and to design a solar to thermal energy conversion system. An exergy analysis is presented to determine the optimum outlet temperature of the working fluid and the optimum path flow length of solar collectors with various configurations. The collectors used to heat the air...
An inverter-driven multi-air conditioner provides the benefits of comfort, energy conservation and easy maintenance. Recently, the multi-air conditioner has been employed in small and medium-sized buildings. However, the performance data and control algorithm for multi-air conditioners are limited in literature due to complicated system parameters and operating conditions. In the present study, the...
Desiccant cooling is efficient in latent cooling, whereas chilled-ceiling is efficient for sensible cooling. In this paper, a new desiccant cooling system, a pre-cooling Munters environmental control (PMEC) cycle is proposed, which combines with chilled-ceiling panels. The mathematical model of the system is provided and used to predict the system performance under South-east China weather conditions...
Data were analysed of hourly UV (0.290-0.385 μm) and broad band, G, irradiation on a horizontal plane measured in Cordoba and Valencia, Spain, during the period January 1996 to December 1998. The mean monthly hourly values of the quotient between UV and total global radiation varied within the interval 4.4-5.6% for Valencia with a mean value of 5%, and in Cordoba they ranged from 3.9 to 4.5% with...
The economics of two proposed solar thermal hybrid power generation systems (STHSs) have been evaluated. Each system consists of direct-steam-generation solar collectors, a steam accumulator and a gas turbine power generation system which uses steam as its working fluid. One (STHS-A) of the proposed systems emits CO 2 generated by burning fuel, whereas the other (STHS-B) captures the CO ...
Conventional economic growth theory assumes that technological progress is exogenous and that resource consumption is a consequence, not a cause, of growth. The reality is different and more complex. A 'growth engine' is a positive feedback loop involving declining costs of inputs and increasing demand for lower priced outputs, which then drives costs down further, thanks to economies of scale and...
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