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To improve the ecological performance of energy conversion systems, it is essential to understand the formation of environmental impact at component level. A method has been developed that (a) reveals the extent to which each component of an energy conversion system is responsible for the overall environmental impact and (b) identifies the sources of the impact. The approach of exergoeconomic analysis...
Dynamic load economic dispatch problem (DLED) is important in power systems operation, which is a complicated nonlinear constrained optimization problem. It has nonsmooth and nonconvex characteristics when generator valve-point effects are taken into account. This paper proposes an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) to solve DLED with valve-point effects. In the proposed IPSO method, feasibility-based...
Multistage flash (MSF) desalination is the most widely used process to provide potable water. In MSF plants, water starts to evaporate in the top stage at a temperature set by the scale prevention techniques and stops at the bottom stage whose temperature is controlled by the feed water conditions. Increasing the difference between these two temperatures elongates the span along which evaporation...
In this paper, the global irradiation observed in Taiwan from 1990 to 1999 was used to estimate the optimal tilt angle for solar collectors. The observed data are resolved into diffusion and beam components, and transformed into instantaneous time frames using mathematical models. The energy gain on installing a single-axis tracked panel as compared to a traditional fixed panel is originally analyzed...
This paper examines optimal control strategies of variable air volume air conditioning system. The control strategies included a base control strategy of fixed temperature set point and two advanced strategies for insuring comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ). The first advanced control adjusts the fresh air supply rate and the supply air temperature to maintain the temperature set point in each zone...
Several factors, including economical, environmental, and social factors, are involved in selection of the best fuel-based vehicles for road transportation. This leads to a multi-criteria selection problem for multi-alternatives. In this study, a multi-criteria assessment model was developed to rank different road transportation fuel-based vehicles (both renewable and non-renewable) using a method...
The aim of this study was to develop a new and automatic method for controlling the quality of daily global solar radiation, G d , using sunshine duration hours. The new method has three levels of tests: first, G d is compared against daily extraterrestrial radiation that is received on a horizontal surface (0.03×G od ⩽G d <G od ); second, G d should...
Interest has been renewed in bio-ethanol products for their contributions in moderating oil crises. So far, most research on bio-ethanol in China is based on pilot-level experimental studies. But this work only discloses information regarding material balances and reached yields without any further energy analysis.This paper aims to assess the energy efficiency of the cassava-based fuel ethanol (KFE)...
Short-term load forecast (STLF) is a key issue for operation of both regulated power systems and electricity markets. In spite of all performed research in this area, there is still an essential need for more accurate and robust load forecast methods. In this paper, a new hybrid forecast method is proposed for this purpose, composed of wavelet transform (WT), neural network (NN) and evolutionary algorithm...
The present study provides a descriptive mathematical model for energy and exergy analysis for a cocurrent gas spray cooling system. Conservation laws of mass, energy and momentum are used to predict the variation of temperature and enthalpy of gas and liquid streams along the tower length. The same procedure is also used to calculate the energy and exergy efficiencies. The validity of the model for...
A bottom-up methodological framework was developed and applied for the period 1985–2002, to selected manufacturing sub-sectors in Greece namely, food, beverages and tobacco, iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, non-metallic minerals and paper. Disaggregate physical data were aggregated according to their specific energy consumption (SEC) values and physical energy efficiency indicators were estimated...
Reducing tillage practices results in lower energy consumption as well as soil erosion protection, structural damage control, and a reduction in time and energy required for seedbed preparation. This research was conducted at the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute in Maragheh region of Iran to determine the amount of input energy for different tillage systems. The study was planned as a completely...
This paper reports 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of some crackates obtained from asphalt cracking in a micro autoclave under a pool of nitrogen. The cracking was carried out in the presence of Zeolite Socony Mobil #5 (HZSM-5) and locally cheap and readily available clay i.e. Utimanzai Clay (UTIMAC) as catalysts. The crackates obtained in case of each run was analyzed by ...
This study examined the current energy balance, energy conversion efficiency, and farm-level efficiency of trout and sea bass production in the Black Sea of Turkey. Using a structured survey, we collected data from nine monoculture trout farms and five polyculture trout and sea bass farms during the 2005–2006 production season. Energy values were calculated using energy equivalents of the inputs and...
The industrial sector is the second largest consumer of energy in Malaysia. In this energy audit, the most important parameters that have been collected are as follows: power rating and operation time of energy-consuming equipments/machineries; fossil fuel and other sources of energy use; production figure; peak and off-peak tariff usage behavior and power factor. These data were then analyzed to...
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion mode provides very low NO x and soot emissions; however, it has some challenges associated with hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, fuel consumption, difficult control of start of ignition and bad behaviour to high loads. Cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a common way to control in-cylinder NO x production in diesel and HCCI...
Development of artificial neural network (ANN) models using real plant data for the prediction of fresh steam properties from a brown coal-fired boiler of a Slovenian power plant is reported. Input parameters for this prediction were selected from a large number of available parameters. Initial selection was made on a basis of expert knowledge and previous experience. However, the final set of input...
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