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The availability of wet biomass as waste from a lot of industrial processes, from agriculture and farms and the need to meet the environmental standards force to investigate all options in order to dispose this waste. The possible treatments usually strongly depend on biomass characteristics, namely water content, density, organic content, heating value, etc. In particular, some of these wastes can...
The Two-Stage Gasifier was operated for more than 2000h. This paper will focus on the first tests (465h). During these tests the gasifier was operated automatically unattended day and night, and only small adjustments of the feeding rate were necessary once or twice per day. The operation was successful, and the output as expected. The engine operated well on the produced gas, and no deposits were...
Oxy-gasification, or oxygen-blown gasification, enables a clean and efficient use of coal and opens a promising way to CO 2 capture. Moreover, oxy-co-gasification with biomass implies the use of a renewable resource and additional CO 2 reduction. Proper gasifier operation is a key issue in both techniques. A model of an entrained flow gasifier, validated with nearby 3000 actual steady-state...
In recent years, renewable energy sources have played an increasingly important role in potential energy production. The integration of renewables into energy production plants has therefore become a major challenge for many organizations. This study concerns the modernization of a small power plant in a large hospital. The design criteria include the possibility of utilizing renewable energy sources...
Wood torrefaction is a mild pyrolysis process that improves the fuel properties of wood. At temperatures between 230 and 300°C, the hemicellulose fraction of the wood decomposes, so that torrefied wood and volatiles are formed. Mass and energy balances for torrefaction experiments at 250 and 300°C are presented. Advantages of torrefaction as a pre-treatment prior to gasification are demonstrated....
Power production from biomass can occur through external combustion (e.g. steam cycles, organic Rankine cycles, Stirling engines), or internal combustion after gasification or pyrolysis (e.g. gas engines, IGCC). External combustion has the disadvantage of delivering limited conversion efficiencies (max 30–35%). Internal combustion has the potential of high efficiencies, but it always needs a severe...
Biomass has great potential as a clean, renewable feedstock for producing modern energy carriers. This paper focuses on the process of biomass gasification, where the synthesis gas may subsequently be used for the production of electricity, fuels and chemicals. The gasifier is one of the least-efficient unit operations in the whole biomass-to-energy technology chain and an analysis of the efficiency...
In this work, a possible way for partial CO 2 emissions reduction from gas turbine exhausts by co-firing with biomass is investigated. The basic principle is the recirculation of a fraction of the exhausts (still rich in oxygen) to a gasifier, in order to produce syngas to mix with natural gas fuel. As biomass is a CO 2 neutral fuel, the fraction of replaced natural gas is a measure...
In the last years the interest in hydrogen as an energy carrier is significantly increased both for vehicle fuelling and stationary energy production by fuel cells. The benefits of a hydrogen energy policy are the reduction of the greenhouse effect and the centralization of the emission sources. Moreover, an improvement to the environmental benefits can be achieved if hydrogen is produced from renewable...
Brazil has launched the PROINFA program, a regulatory mechanism to incentivize renewable electricity generation. In the light of this new framework, the best economical option for cogeneration was analyzed using one of the biomass resources available in Brazil-Babassu. Thus not only the possible power production but also the potential of such a regulatory tool to enhance the electricity production...
The effect of fuel composition on the thermodynamic efficiency of gasifiers and gasification systems is studied. A chemical equilibrium model is used to describe the gasifier. It is shown that the equilibrium model presents the highest gasification efficiency that can be possibly attained for a given fuel. Gasification of fuels with varying composition of organic matter, in terms of O/C and H/C ratio...
This paper presents results of experimental research into the ash behavior of different Bosnian coal types and biomass fired in an electrically heated entrained pulverized fuel flow experimental reactor. The results are derived from a series of tests performed under a range of temperature and air conditions for the fuel test matrix. In essence, the experimental reactor comprises a 3m length alumina–silicate...
This paper presents an exergetic analysis of a combined heat and power (CHP) system, integrating a near-atmospheric solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with an allothermal biomass fluidised bed steam gasification process. The gasification heat requirement is supplied to the fluidised bed from the SOFC stack through high-temperature sodium heat pipes. The CHP system was modelled in AspenPlus™ software including...
The use of biomass, wood in particular, is one of the oldest forms of producing energy for heating or cooking. Nowadays, new technologies concerning the utilisation of biomass or waste residues are in demand and the trend to use them in decentralised applications for combined heat and power (CHP) production provides an attractive challenge to develop them. At the TU München an innovative allothermal...
A number of different technologies for producing renewable motor fuels have been studied; some effects of applying carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture to the production of renewable motor fuels are described in this paper. Some of the technologies studied are well suited for CO 2 capture. However, it is shown that the advantages with CO 2 capture for these technologies are not enough...
This paper presents and evaluates methods of improvement of energy utilization and reduction of energy cost in conventional unpeeled longan drying. Existing dryers were modified into a new dryer arrangement. Performance in terms of specific energy utilization, thermal efficiency and operating cost indices for both traditional and new designs was evaluated. Results showed that the modified dryer yielded...
The pre-treatment step has a significant influence on the performance of bioenergy chains, especially on logistics. Torrefaction, pelletisation and pyrolysis technologies can convert biomass at modest scales into dense energy carriers that ease transportation and handling.Torrefaction is a very promising technology due to its high process efficiency (94%) compared to pelletisation (84%) and pyrolysis...
The paper deals with waste gasification as a technology allowing for indirect co-firing of large quantities of biodegradable wastes in coal-fired power boilers. In contrast to common landfilling and direct co-firing, gasification of wastes presents a number of advantages. Problematic species in original feedstocks can be partly safely incinerated in the furnace and partly retained in the gasification...
Environmental decision support systems (EDSS) are recognized as valuable tools for environmental planning and management. In this paper, a geographic information system (GIS)-based EDSS for the optimal planning of forest biomass use for energy production is presented. A user-friendly interface allows the creation of Scenarios and the running of the developed decision and environmental models. In particular,...
Biomass, integral to life, is one of the main energy sources that modern technologies could widely develop, overcoming inefficient and pollutant uses. The sugarcane bagasse is one of the more abundant biomass. Moreover, the fluctuating sugar and energy prices force the sugarcane companies to implement improved power plants. Thanks to a multiyear collaboration between University of Rome and University...
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