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An efficient way to decrease the CO 2 emissions is the replacement of gasoline passenger cars (PC) by diesel ones, which emit less CO 2 . This can be more effective in Greece where the percentage of new diesel PC remains less than 1%, contrary to the other countries of the European Union, which have high diesel penetrations. The benefit of CO 2 emitted from new PC is studied...
Much of the research in the area of carbon dioxide recovery and storage focuses on minimizing the energy required for CO 2 capture, as this step corresponds to the major cost contribution of the overall process (capture, transportation, injection). Out of the three traditional methods of CO 2 capture (absorption, adsorption and membrane processes), absorption is considered to be the...
Flue gases from coal, gas, or oil-fired power stations, as well as from several heavy industries, such as the production of iron, lime and cement, are major anthropogenic sources of global CO 2 emissions. The newly proposed process for syngas production based on the tri-reforming of such flue gases with natural gas could be an important route for CO 2 emission avoidance. In addition,...
In this paper, two methods are proposed to assess the efficiency of carbon capture and storage (CCS) involving back-leakage of CO 2 from geological storage reservoirs to the atmosphere. The first method is a physical approach based on radiative forcing. It leads to a criterion that assesses whether a given technology of CCS is physically beneficial compared to a reference technology without...
Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture and storage has the potential to reduce CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Although leakage from monitored CO 2 injection sites has been minimal to non-existent, experience from the natural gas storage industry suggests that, if it becomes a widely deployed technology, leaks may be expected from some storage sites. Natural occurrences...
The production of aluminum by the electrolytic Hall–Héroult process suffers from high energy requirements, the release of perfluorocarbons, and vast greenhouse gas emissions. The alternative carbothermic reduction of alumina, while significantly less energy-intensive, is complicated by the formation of aluminum carbide and oxycarbides. In the present work, the formation of Al, as well as Al 2...
Reservoir simulation studies were performed to investigate compositional effects between aquifer fluid (brine) and injected supercritical CO 2 during the sequestration process in the Frio brine formation. Accurate data calibrations of CO 2 solubility and density, as well as brine density and viscosity, were performed. Hysteresis relative permeability was taken into consideration to...
Industrial waste materials, such as steelmaking slags, appear to be potential raw materials for reducing CO 2 emissions by carbonation. The suitability of applying a carbonation route based on acetic acid leaching to produce carbonates from blast furnace slag is presented in this study. The effect of solution pH, temperature, and CO 2 pressure on the precipitation of carbonates was...
There are currently two main drivers for the consideration of ground source energy systems in the built environment in the UK. Firstly, building occupiers and owners are becoming increasingly concerned at rising energy prices whilst building designers are also required to reduce, due to European and national and local legislation, the operational CO 2 emissions from new and existing buildings...
In order to reduce CO 2 emissions from a power plant, CO 2 can be captured either from the syngas that is to be burned or from the flue gases exiting the energy conversion process. Postcombustion capture has the advantage that it can be applied to retrofit existing power plants. In this paper the authors compare two primary amines (MEA and DGA) to ammonia with respect to their capability...
In this research, the waste tail gas emitted from petrochemical processes, e.g. catalytic reforming unit, catalytic cracking unit and residue desulfurization unit, was recovered and reused as a replacement of natural gas (NG). On-site experimental results show that both the flame length and orange-yellowish brightness decrease with more proportion of waste gas fuel added to the natural gas, and that...
The paper deals with cold recovery during LNG regasification. The applications analyzed pertain to the use in deep freezing agro food industry and in space air conditioning facilities in commercial sector (Supermarkets and Hypermarkets) of cold recovered from the regasification process.A modular LNG regasification unit is proposed having the regasification capacity of 2 BCM/year of gas and it is based...
The long-term goal of 50% mitigation of the green house gas till 2050 was determined by the participants of G8 summit in July 2008. As long as this goal was set, the emission from China economy and energy industry development has to be reduced significantly. In order to cope with the climate change and to promote China's economic growth and the energy security, low-carbon economy should be adopted...
The feasibility of extraction of phenol rich oil from the bio-oils obtained through pyrolysis of cashew nut shells and sugarcane bagasse is studied. The extraction rate of phenol rich oil using CO 2 as a supercritical fluid is discussed. Operating parameters are optimized for the maximum concentration of phenol and cardanol. Higher yield of oil (50% by weight) along with higher concentration...
The main results of a theoretical work on the use of a low temperature heat source for power generation through a carbon dioxide transcritical power cycle are reported in this paper. The procedure for analyzing the behaviour of the proposed cycle consisted in modifying the input pressure to the turbine from 66 bar, maintained constant each evaluated temperature (60 °C, 90 °C, 120 °C and 150 °C) until...
Permeability has been identified as one of the foremost factors that determine the effectiveness of CO 2 sequestration in deep coalbeds. Coal matrix swelling can cause a remarkable decrease in the permeability of a coalbed reservoir during the carbon dioxide injection process. The main aim of this paper is to correlate the diametrical swelling percentage with coal permeability. This experimental...
Three groups of hydrate-bearing sediment samples with/without underlying gas were prepared using a three-dimensional middle-size reactor to investigate the favorable conditions for methane recovery from hydrate reservoir with gaseous CO 2 . The experimental results indicated that hydrate reservoir with underlying free gas, high saturation of free gas and low saturation of water is appropriate...
In current policies, targets for GHG (greenhouse gas) and more specifically CO 2 emissions are set on the basis of annual emissions. However, warming effects associated with global average temperature rise depend on accumulation of GHG in the atmosphere. Due to the quantity and longevity of CO 2 in the atmosphere there is increasing awareness that taking into account cumulative CO...
The commentary made by Jones [1], while raising some important points about CO 2 adsorption induced coal matrix swelling, is irrelevant to the methodology used in Jasinge et al. [2] article [D. Jasinge, P.G. Ranjith, Xavier Choi, J. Fernando [2012, Energy, 39, 303–309]] and this rebuttal is Jasinge et al.'s [2] response to Jones's [1] criticism. Jasinge et al. [2] paper presents a series of...
In this study, the technical feasibility of the mineral carbonation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum to sequester CO 2 was assessed by considering various reaction parameters. Unlike other natural and industrial materials, FGD gypsum showed very high carbonation reactivity at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Under optimum conditions, calcium carbonate with a purity exceeding...
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