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The cement and lime industries are major contributors to the anthropogenic CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere. By combining the CO 2 -releasing calcination of CaCO 3 with the CO 2 -consuming dry-reforming of CH 4 , and by further combining these endothermic reactions with the exothermic partial oxidation of CH 4 , a single thermo-neutral process can be...
Flue gases from coal, gas, or oil-fired power stations, as well as from several heavy industries, such as the production of iron, lime and cement, are major anthropogenic sources of global CO 2 emissions. The newly proposed process for syngas production based on the tri-reforming of such flue gases with natural gas could be an important route for CO 2 emission avoidance. In addition,...
Representative coal uranium concentrations are essential not only to better estimate the environmental and health effects associated with the uranium emissions from coal utilization but also to utilize the potentially valuable uranium in coal combustion by products. The average uranium concentrations of coals in China are estimated based on uranium analyses of 1535 coal samples and coal reserves tonnage...
The effect of fuel composition on the thermodynamic efficiency of gasifiers and gasification systems is studied. A chemical equilibrium model is used to describe the gasifier. It is shown that the equilibrium model presents the highest gasification efficiency that can be possibly attained for a given fuel. Gasification of fuels with varying composition of organic matter, in terms of O/C and H/C ratio...
This paper presents results of experimental research into the ash behavior of different Bosnian coal types and biomass fired in an electrically heated entrained pulverized fuel flow experimental reactor. The results are derived from a series of tests performed under a range of temperature and air conditions for the fuel test matrix. In essence, the experimental reactor comprises a 3m length alumina–silicate...
The production of synthesis gas has gained increasing importance because of its use as raw material for various industrial syntheses. In this paper synthesis gas generation during the reaction of a coal/methane with steam and oxygen, which is called the co-gasification of coal and natural gas, was investigated using a laboratory scale fixed bed reactor. It is found that about 95% methane conversion...
Coal offers an abundant widely spread fossil energy resource. It is available at a quite-stable price from many international suppliers and it will continue to play a significant role in new generating capacity, if security and diversity of supply remain fundamental. In this paper we point out the state of the art in the field of “clean coal technologies” evidencing the perspectives of improvement...
Increased availability of energy, especially electricity, is important for India to help advance economic and human development. Coal, which currently accounts for more than 50% of total primary commercial energy supply in the country and for about 70% of total electricity generation, is likely to remain a key energy source for India for at least the next 30–40years. Thus, sustainable development...
A preliminary method for determining acceptable trace element levels in coal was established. In addition to the conventional coal quality parameters ash and sulfur, potentially hazardous trace elements As, Be, Cd, Cl, Cr, F, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Se were selected for the evaluation, and their environmentally acceptable concentrations in coal were quantified at 5 and 0.5 weight %, and 6.5, 1, 0.8, 400,...
Injections of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into unmineable coalbeds can both enhance coalbed methane recovery (ECBM), a high-efficiency energy, and realize underground storage of CO 2 . In these processes, the diffusion and sorption of methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide are key dominant processes. In this study, the diffusion and sorption behavior of CH 4 and CO 2 ...
Copyrolysis of sewage sludge–coal blends at different ratios (0:100, 10:90, 50:50 and 100:0) was investigated using a simultaneous thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry analyser. During copyrolysis three thermal decomposition stages were identified between 180 and 800°C. From 180°C to 385°C, the process is dominated by the sludge pyrolysis. From 385°C to 560°C, the coal is pyrolysed with a lower fraction...
Numerous coal gasification studies have been found in the literature those employed various kinds of gasifying agents such as steam and carbon dioxide. These studies are featured with wide variations in the parametric conditions and the usage of equipments. Steam is frequently employed as a gasifying agent, however, in several studies carbon dioxide has also been used as a gasifying agent either pure...
The co-thermolysis and co-liquefaction properties of Shenhua coal and sawdust were investigated in this study. The synergistic effect between Shenhua coal and sawdust in co-liquefaction was probed. TG/DTG analysis suggests that the sawdust, which has lower pyrolysis temperature, can promote the thermolysis of Shenhua coal, resulting in more volatile matter to be released from coal molecular structure...
Swelling of the coal matrix with the adsorption of CO 2 is one of the leading problems for CO 2 sequestration in deep coal seams as it causes coal seam permeability to be significantly reduced. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of coal mass swelling on the permeability of naturally fractured black coal. A series of permeability tests were conducted using...
Kinetics of bituminous coal and palm shells were evaluated using thermo-gravimetric analysis under different environments (N 2 /CO 2 /O 2 ). The observed percent mass loss of biomass was higher than mass loss percentage of coal because biomass had higher reactivity and volatile matter content. Ignition temperatures of pure coal, biomass and their blends were also investigated...
The ignition temperature, burnout and NO emissions of blends of a semi-anthracite and a high-volatile bituminous coal with 10 and 20 wt.% of olive waste were studied under oxy-fuel combustion conditions in an entrained flow reactor (EFR). The results obtained under several oxy-fuel atmospheres (21%O 2 –79%CO 2 , 30%O 2 –70%CO 2 and 35%O 2 –65%CO 2 )...
Thermodynamic analyses are performed for solar thermal steam and dry gasification of coal. The selected types of coal are anthracite, bituminous, lignite and peat. Two model conversion paths are considered for each combination of the gasifying agent and the coal type: production of the synthesis gas with its subsequent use in a combined cycle power plant to generate power, and production of the synthesis...
Coal and lignite will play a significant role in the future energy production. However, the technical options for the reduction of CO2 emissions will define the extent of their share in the future energy mix. The production of synthetic or substitute natural gas (SNG) from solid fossil fuels seems to be a very attractive process: coal and lignite can be upgraded into a methane rich gas which can be...
The EFGT (externally fired gas turbine) cycle has been considered as an option to burn biomass in gas turbines. One key element on the implementation of one EFGT cycle is the high temperature heat exchanger (HTHE) necessary to support the high temperatures of operation. The performance of the HTHE, its effectiveness and pressure drop imposed to the gas flow, may have significant influence over the...
The natural cleat system in coal is highly important in the CO2 sequestration process as injected CO2 first moves through the cleat system, which eventually changes the coal's permeability and strength. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of cleat density and direction on the strength reduction of coal with CO2 adsorption. A series of strength experiments was conducted on...
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