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In recent years, renewable energy sources have played an increasingly important role in potential energy production. The integration of renewables into energy production plants has therefore become a major challenge for many organizations. This study concerns the modernization of a small power plant in a large hospital. The design criteria include the possibility of utilizing renewable energy sources...
This paper focuses on a single-shaft microturbine in combined heat and power generation. In the application, the microturbine is operated by the heat demand and it replaces purchased electricity and produced heat in an existing boiler. The objective of the study is to analyze the effect of recuperation and different load control methods on the overall economy of the operation. The control parameters...
As micro-CHP systems move towards mass deployment an increasing emphasis will be placed on their effect on time-varying demands for network electricity. A 50 dwelling data set of heat and power demands was employed to investigate the implementation of various penetrations of μCHP system on the resultant electrical load profile using two control methodologies: heat-led and a proposed method for modulating...
Biomass, integral to life, is one of the main energy sources that modern technologies could widely develop, overcoming inefficient and pollutant uses. The sugarcane bagasse is one of the more abundant biomass. Moreover, the fluctuating sugar and energy prices force the sugarcane companies to implement improved power plants. Thanks to a multiyear collaboration between University of Rome and University...
The recent development of small scale combined heat and power (CHP) systems has provided the opportunity for in-house power backup of residential-scale photovoltaic (PV) arrays. This paper investigates the potential of deploying a distributed network of PV+CHP hybrid systems in order to increase the PV penetration level in the U.S. The temporal distribution of solar flux, electrical and heating requirements...
The extensive energy use in the European building sector creates opportunities for implementing energy conservation measures (ECMs) in residential buildings. If ECM are implemented in buildings that are connected to a district heating (DH) system, the operation of DH plants may be affected, which in turn may change both revenue and electricity production in cogeneration plants. In this study a local...
A dynamic simulation of micro combined heat and power (micro-CHP) systems that includes the transient behavior of the system was developed by modeling the generation of electricity and recovery of heat separately. Residential load profiles were calculated based on statistical reports from a Korean government agency, and were used as input data to select the optimum capacities of micro-CHP systems...
This study analyses three feasible regulation methods of an in-service cogeneration plant. The main task is to study the potential energy savings, CO 2 reduction and the increase in profitability compatible with the lowest transformation costs.The cogeneration system is composed of two General Electric LM2500 gas turbines and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). Two plant localizations...
A hybrid plant producing combined heat and power (CHP) from biomass by use of a two-stage gasification concept, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and a micro gas turbine was considered for optimization. The hybrid plant represents a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional decentralized CHP plants. A clean product gas was produced by the demonstrated two-stage gasifier, thus only simple gas...
The Integrated Energy and Climate Protection Program of the German government includes the political target of doubling the share of combined heat and power generation (CHP) in Germany from currently about 13% to 25% by 2020. In order to reach this goal, a new CHP law was enacted to improve the framework conditions for CHP generation. In this paper, we aim at identifying which CHP technologies are...
Cities account for approximately two-thirds of global primary energy consumption and have large heat and power demands. CHP (combined heat and power) systems offer significant primary energy-efficiency gains and emissions reductions, but they can have high upfront investment costs and create nuisance pollution within the urban environment. Urban planners therefore need to understand the tradeoffs...
In the present work, we focus on an incomplete combined heat and power (CHP) system. The supplementary thermal performance has been designed to increase the efficiency of the heating system by designing a shell and tube heat exchanger to recover the heat from the exhaust gases. A plate heat exchanger has also been designed for cooling the biogas-diesel generator and the exhaust gases. Two types of...
The development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) for the cogeneration of electricity and district heating is expected to be important in the future. The criteria to be accounted for in the energy conversion system design are the economic profitability, the thermodynamic efficiency in the usage of the resource, and the generated life-cycle environmental impacts, which are as well a key point for...
Energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analysis are often used for assessing large energy conversion systems. However exergy and exergoeconomic analysis are rarely used when small or medium scale energy generation systems, such as community CHP/CCHP plants or microcogeneration systems are evaluated.In this study energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of four Community Energy Supply (CES) systems has...
The utilisation of biomass poses large challenges in renewable energy systems while buildings account for a substantial part of the energy supply even in 100% renewable energy systems. In this paper the focus is on how the heating sector can reduce its consumption of biomass, thus leaving biomass for other sectors, but while still enabling a 100% renewable energy system. The analyses of heating technologies...
Recent work has proposed that hybridization of residential-scale cogeneration with roof-mounted solar PV (photovoltaic) arrays can increase the PV penetration level in ideal situations by a factor of five. In regions where there is a significant cooling load PV-cogen hybrid systems could be coupled to an absorption chiller to utilize waste heat from the cogen unit. In order to investigate realistic...
Combined heat and power (CHP) plants are widely used in industrial applications. In the aftermath of the recession, many of the associated production processes are under-utilized, which challenges the competitiveness of chemical companies. However, under-utilization can be a chance for tighter interaction with the power grid, which is in transition to the so-called smart grid, if the CHP plant can...
The present paper focuses on the experimental characterization of an open-drive scroll expander integrated into an Organic Rankine cycle using R245fa as working fluid. The expander is a commercially available air compressor that was modified to operate in expander mode. The ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) system is designed for a nominal heat input of 20 kW and a nominal net power output of 1.8 kW. A total...
The growing concern over environmental considerations and the increasing fuel cost call for operating the energy station in a more economical and environmentally friendly way. This paper develops a multi-objective model for the CHPED (combined heat and power economic dispatch) problem to conventional energy stations, where the competing fuel cost and environmental impact objectives are simultaneously...
To investigate options for increasing the electrical efficiency of decentralized combined heat and power (CHP) plants fuelled with biomass compared to conventional technology, this research explored the performance of an alternative plant design based on thermal biomass gasification and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Based on experimental data from a demonstrated 0.6 MWth two-stage gasifier, a model...
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