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This paper presents the impact of oxygen and nitrogen compounds on the lubrication properties of low sulfur diesel fuels. It discusses the most recent results, concerning the influence of adding low amounts of 4 specific types of biodiesel, 5 aliphatic amines, 2 tertiarty amides, 10 mono-carboxylic acid esters, 3 acetoacetates and 7 esters of di-carboxylic acids on the tribological behaviour of the...
An efficient way to decrease the CO 2 emissions is the replacement of gasoline passenger cars (PC) by diesel ones, which emit less CO 2 . This can be more effective in Greece where the percentage of new diesel PC remains less than 1%, contrary to the other countries of the European Union, which have high diesel penetrations. The benefit of CO 2 emitted from new PC is studied...
Environmental concern and availability of petroleum fuels have caused interests in the search for alternate fuels for internal combustion engines. Waste plastics are indispensable materials in the modern world and application in the industrial field is continually increasing. In this context, waste plastics are currently receiving renewed interest. As an alternative, non-biodegradable, and renewable...
The diesel fuel was mixed with the rice husk bio-oil using some emulsifiers based on the theory of Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB). The lubricity of the bio-oil/diesel fuel blend was studied on a High Frequency Reciprocating Test Rig (HFRR) according to ASTM D 6079–2004. The microscopic topography and chemical composition on the worn surface were analyzed respectively using scanning electron microscopy...
Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel is steadily gaining attention to replace petroleum diesel partially or completely. The tribological performance of biodiesel is crucial for its application in automobiles. In the present study, effect of temperature on the tribological performance of palm biodiesel was investigated by using four ball wear machine. Tests were conducted at temperatures 30, 45, 60 and...
One technology that seems to be promising for automobile pollution reduction is the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI). This technology still faces auto-ignition and emission-control problems. This paper focuses on the emission problem, since it is incumbent to realize engines that pollute less. For this purpose, this paper presents results concerning the measurement of the emissions of...
Plastics have now become indispensable materials in the modern world and application in the industrial field is continually increasing. The properties of the oil derived from waste plastics were analyzed and found that it has properties similar to that of diesel. Waste plastic oil (WPO) was tested as a fuel in a D.I. diesel engine and its performance characteristics were analysed and compared with...
An experimental study has been carried to use raw Algae oil and its methyl esters in an indirect injection diesel engine. Effects of engine speed, engine load output, injection timing of the algae biofuel and engine compression ratio on the engine output torque, combustion noise (maximum pressure rise rate), maximum pressure and maximum heat release rate have been studied. Raw oil extracted from microalgae...
Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel, is gradually receiving more popularity for use in internal combustion engines. However questions continue to arise with regard to its compatibility with elastomeric materials. The present work aims to investigate the comparative degradation of physical properties for different elastomers [e.g. ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), silicone rubber (SR), polychloroprene...
Recently biodiesel, as an alternative fuel is getting more significance to replace diesel fuel completely or partially. However, corrosion of automotive materials in biodiesel is a major concern as this can reduce engine life. This study aims to investigate the corrosion behavior of mild steel at three different temperatures such as room temperature, 50 and 80 °C. Static immersion tests in B0 (diesel),...
In this study, for the first time, fly ash was used as a thermal barrier coating material in a diesel engine. The study consists of three phases. In first phase, biodiesel was prepared in a laboratory scale setup by single step base catalyzed transesterification method. In the second phase, engine combustion chamber elements such as cylinder head, cylinder liner, valves and piston crown face were...
Glow plugs are currently the most employed solution to promote ignition in light-duty diesel engines during low temperature cold start. Improved knowledge about the mechanisms that control ignition and flame development under such conditions is necessary for design purposes, especially with current trends to reduce engine compression ratio. This paper aims to analyze the influence of the glow plug...
Biomass based oxygenated fuels have been identified as possible replacement of fossil fuel due to pollutant emission reduction and decrease in over-reliance on fossil fuel energy. In this study, 4v% water-containing ethanol was mixed with (65–90%) diesel using (5–30%) biodiesel (BD) and 1v% butanol as stabilizer and co-solvent respectively. The fuels were tested against those of biodiesel–diesel fuel...
This research presents a technical simulation and economic model of three small-scale technical alternatives supplying a typical rural homestead electricity load: a 15kVA wood gasification unit coupled to a 6kW e modified grid-connected petrol generator; the same system operating as a stand-alone system, and; a 6kW e diesel generator, all modelled against the electricity network in...
In this paper, we present a superstructure optimization approach for the integration of the simultaneous production of liquid fuels and hydrogen from switchgrass and shale gas. The process is based on Fischer-Tropsch technology in which the shale gas is reformed with steam, while the switchgrass is gasified and reformed (with steam or partial oxidation). The raw gas is cleaned up and its composition...
This study investigates the effect of ambient oxygen concentration on biodiesel and diesel spray combustion under simulated compression-ignition engine conditions in a constant-volume chamber. The apparent heat release rate (AHRR) is calculated based on the measured pressure. High-speed imaging of OH* chemiluminescence and natural luminosity (NL) is employed to visualize the combustion process. Temporally...
The exhaust gases contain large amounts of unburned hydrocarbons during cranking without combustion. The effects of unburned hydrocarbon recirculation on ignition and combustion during diesel engine cold starts were investigated using both experiments and simulations. Experiments were conducted on a single-cylinder DI (direct injection) diesel engine equipped with a common rail injection system. The...
The injection and spray characteristics of diesel and gasoline blends are investigated on a common rail injection system. The injection rate, fuel spray evolution process (tip penetration distance, spray cone angle, projected spray area and relative brightness intensity contour) and microscopic droplet features are analyzed. The results show that diesel and gasoline blends have higher volumetric injection...
Emission legislation that applies to engines used in shipping, rail and land power generation becomes increasingly strict. E.g. IMO Tier III applicable to sea-going vessels limits the NOx emission by 75% compared to IMO Tier II. Attaining these without sacrificing fuel consumption is a big challenge. This paper reports on engine internal measures that can provide a viable alternative to expensive...
In the present study, the combustion and emission characteristics under various equivalence ratio up to stoichiometric condition were experimentally investigated in a CI (compression ignition) engine. In order to control the equivalence ratio, the O2 mole fraction of intake gas was reduced from 21 to 11.16 % by adding only N2 to intake gas while the injected fuel quantity was held constant. The test...
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