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This paper assesses the three leading technologies for capture of CO 2 in power generation plants, i.e., post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture and oxy-fuel combustion. Performance, cost and emissions data for coal and natural gas-fired power plants are presented, based on information from studies carried out recently for the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme by major engineering...
The rapid proliferation of battery-powered consumer electronics and their reliance on inefficient linear transformers has been suggested to be an important part of the rapid growth in “miscellaneous” electricity consumption in recent years, but detailed data are scarce. We conducted a survey of 34 randomly selected households (HHs) in Northern California about the number, type, and usage of consumer...
This manuscript reviews and compares the results of recent greenhouse gas (GHG) emission life-cycle analyses. Specific attention is paid to fossil energy technologies, nuclear and renewable energy technologies (RETs), as well as carbon capture and storage (CCS) and energy storage systems. Analysing up- and downstream processes and their associated GHG emissions, which arise upstream and downstream...
Recent study of the history of technological change has provided better understanding of the driving forces for technological innovation, as well as quantitative estimates of historical rates of technical change. Although such results are widely used in long-term energy models to estimate future costs over time periods of up to a century, most studies of technological learning for major energy technologies...
Energy use patterns and utilisation efficiencies in 40 factories producing palm kernel oil (PKO) in southwestern part of Nigeria were studied. The factories were stratified into small, medium and large scale categories based on the mode of operations and production capacities. Questionnaires were administered on the factories to obtain historical data on petrol, diesel and electricity consumption...
In most Western countries, the power grid provides electricity more than 99% of the time. To maintain reliability at such high levels, energy companies have to continually invest in electric transmission- and distribution systems. Since customers of electricity cannot switch from one distribution network to another, no economic incentive exists that matches the supplied reliability to customer preferences...
This paper describes a preliminary analysis of two technological routes (based on hydrolysis and on gasification+Fischer–Tropsch conversion process) of biofuels production from cellulosic materials. In this paper it was considered the integration of the two alternative routes to a conventional distillery of ethanol production based on fermentation of sugarcane juice. Sugarcane bagasse is the biomass...
This paper presents the exergy analysis results for the production of several biofuels, i.e., SNG (synthetic natural gas), methanol, Fischer–Tropsch fuels, hydrogen, as well as heat and electricity, from several biowastes generated in the Dutch province of Friesland, selected as one of the typical European regions. Biowastes have been classified in 5 virtual streams according to their ultimate and...
Demand response resources (DRR) have potential to offer substantial benefits in the form of improved economic efficiency in wholesale electricity markets. Those benefits include better capacity factors for existing capacity, reductions in requirements for new capacity, enhanced reliability, relief of congestion and transmission constraints, reductions in price volatility, mitigation of market power...
The objects of the article are to determine the profits for solar energy integrating remote sensing data: the optimal locations of photovoltaic and the base price of electricity resulting from solar energy. An illustrated experiment with five European countries data sets is taken. Results indicate that Germany is the only optimal region to set up photovoltaic so as to satisfy the electricity demand...
As part of an assessment software package for community energy systems, a database application is developed to systematically calculate the energy demands for mixes of 12 different types of building in Korea. The program generates the hourly demands for electricity, heating, cooling, and hot water for the mix of building types for 8760h of a year. The calculation is based on field and measured data...
Most of the developed countries in the world use Daylight Saving Time (DST) as an energy conservation method. This study focuses on the effects of DST on electrical lighting in the buildings in Turkey. Turkey might adjust its daylight saving time to decrease energy consumption. For this purpose, five scenarios are considered and compared to status quo. The scenario with a 30-minute forward shift to...
Heavily (about 99%) depending on imported energy, Taiwan, a country in the subtropics, has limited natural resources. In this regard, biomass energy from (MSW) municipal solid waste incineration plants thus became attractive during the 1990s. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive analysis of MSW-to-energy in Taiwan. This paper gave a concise summary of current status of domestic...
Investments in power generation, pollution controls, and electricity end use equipment are made in the face of uncertainty. Unanticipated events can cause regret—commitments that in retrospect were the wrong choices. We analyze how three uncertainties—electricity demand growth, natural gas prices, and power sector greenhouse gas regulations—could affect electric power sector investment decisions and...
Demand response (DR) programs have recently become popular means of mitigating excessive claims on regional electricity networks and providing more reliable access to electric power. Many countries have experimented with DR pilot programs and some are beginning to incorporate similar schemes as permanent elements of the electricity sector. However, DR remains an experimental technique in much of the...
This study develops a computable general equilibrium model of the Thailand economy which features several energy-specific enhancements. The model is used to simulate a number of potential policies to achieve the Thai government’s biomass-generated electricity targets contained in its 15-year renewable energy development plan. Examples of simulations conducted with the model include increasing biomass-based...
Today, almost 70% of the electricity is produced from fossil fuels and power generation accounts for over 40% of global CO 2 emissions. If the targets to reduce climate change are to be met, substantial reductions in emissions are necessary. Compared to other sectors emission reductions in the power sector are relatively easy to achieve because it consists mainly of point-sources. Carbon Capture...
Powering networked equipment after business hours is a primary source of electricity wastage in office buildings. In situ surveys, deployment of software agents and power measurements are generally conducted to estimate how well an IT infrastructure performs before enforcing energy-efficient solutions. Those approaches have cost and deployment constraints, obstacles for companies unwilling to invest...
When regulating GHG emissions at the country or product level, it is critical to determine the GHG emissions from electricity consumption. In this study, we calculated production-based and consumption-based CO 2 emission intensities of electricity for the OECD (the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries during 1990–2008. We examined the impact of annual development,...
Ammonia is an important input into agriculture and is used widely as base chemical for the chemical industry. It has recently been proposed as a sustainable transportation fuel and convenient one-way hydrogen carrier. Employing typical meteorological data for Palmdale, CA, solar energy is considered here as an inexpensive and renewable energy alternative in the synthesis of NH 3 at ambient...
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