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This paper presents results of experimental research into the ash behavior of different Bosnian coal types and biomass fired in an electrically heated entrained pulverized fuel flow experimental reactor. The results are derived from a series of tests performed under a range of temperature and air conditions for the fuel test matrix. In essence, the experimental reactor comprises a 3m length alumina–silicate...
Life cycle energy, environment and economic assessment for conventional diesel (CD) and soybean-based biodiesel (SB) in China was carried out in this paper. The results of the assessment have shown that compared with CD, SB has similar source-to-tank (StT) total energy consumption, 76% lower StT fossil energy consumption, 79% higher source-to-wheel (StW) nitrogen oxides (NO X ) emissions,...
Environmental concern and availability of petroleum fuels have caused interests in the search for alternate fuels for internal combustion engines. Waste plastics are indispensable materials in the modern world and application in the industrial field is continually increasing. In this context, waste plastics are currently receiving renewed interest. As an alternative, non-biodegradable, and renewable...
The operation performance of building cooling, heating and power (BCHP) system is dependent on the seasonal atmospheric conditions. This paper presents the environmental impact models of separation production (SP) system and BCHP system respectively. Three most important energy-related environmental issues, global warming, acid precipitation and stratospheric ozone depletion, are considered to evaluate...
A two-region ten-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model was built to analyze the effects of investment growth in the energy sectors of western areas of China on the local economy and emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). There are three different scenarios in the quantitative analysis for the investment increase in energy sectors of the western areas. The investment to energy sectors...
The emission parameters and expose–response functions of some pollutants, such as sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) and Inhalable Particulate Matter (PM10), were introduced to calculate the emission caused by energy consumption in various sectors and regions in China under different scenarios. The impacts of economic growth, population, and technology progress on energy consumption and on the environment...
Biofuel has so far been backed by government policies in the quest for low carbon fuel in the near future and promises to ensure energy security through partially replacing fossil fuels. At present biodiesel is mostly produced by transesterification reaction from oil-seed feedstock and has to conform to ASTM D6751 specifications. Biodiesel sustainability has sparked debate on the pros and cons of...
Forecasts of energy demand, the fuel mix meeting that demand and the associated emissions are a key requirement for informed energy planning and policy decisions to ensure energy security and address climate change. While there have been many studies on China focusing on the short and medium term (to 2020 and 2050) there is little in the literature focusing on the long term (to 2100). This paper seeks...
Electric motors consume 30–80% of total industrial energy around the world. This study estimates the economic viability of replacing rewound and standard motors with high efficiency motors (HEMs) in the industrial sector. The efficiency of a motor is degraded when it is rewound and it is better to rewind a larger motor compared with a smaller motor. It was found that a HEM can save on average 5.5%...
The effects of the length of the gas flow path from the exhaust outlet in the cylinder head to the catalyst inlet in the exhaust line, the ignition timing and the engine idle speed on the three-way catalyst light-off behavior in an electronically controlled inlet port LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) injection SI (spark-ignition) engine during cold start were investigated experimentally. The results...
In this study, for the first time, fly ash was used as a thermal barrier coating material in a diesel engine. The study consists of three phases. In first phase, biodiesel was prepared in a laboratory scale setup by single step base catalyzed transesterification method. In the second phase, engine combustion chamber elements such as cylinder head, cylinder liner, valves and piston crown face were...
Experiments has been carried out to estimate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder; four stroke variable compression ratio multi fuel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil methyl ester and its blends with standard diesel. Tests has been conducted using the fuel blends of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% biodiesel with standard diesel, with an engine speed of 1500 rpm,...
This paper presents an efficient and reliable evolutionary-based approach to solve the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem by considering the emission issue. The OPF problem has been widely used in power system operation and planning for determining electricity prices. Therefore, the conventional optimal power flow cannot meet the environmental protection requirements, because it only considers generation...
A diesel engine was modified for natural gas operation to optimize performance using gaseous fuel. A variation of combustion ratios (CR) including 9.0:1, 9.5:1, 10.0:1 and 10.5:1 was utilized to evaluate engine performance and emissions from the same engine over the engine speeds between 1000 and 4000 rpm. Tested engine performance parameters include brake torque, brake power, specific fuel consumption...
A new method for analyzing an industrial energy system has been introduced in this paper. This method is based on the development and modifications of the R-curve concept. It consists of three graphical tools, namely, “R-curve”; “R-ratio vs. Total Annual Cost (TAC) curve” and “R-ratio vs. Emissions (EM) curve”. This new method can be applied to different scenarios which may include: retrofitting the...
The present work aims to produce biofuel from fish oil industrial residue and to test the biofuel in diesel engine. A 4.5 kW at 1500 rpm single cylinder air cooled direct injection diesel engine was used for the present experimental work. The experimental results show that the brake thermal efficiency marginally increases with biofuel from 29.98% (neat diesel) to the maximum of 32.4% with biofuel...
This paper characterizes combustion of petrodiesel and prevalent SOME blends (B100, B5, B10 and B20), which were produced through an alkali-based transesterification in PUT, in a semi industrial boiler by determining its efficiency, exhaust emissions and costs. First, the influence of oxygen content of stock gases (by volume percent) upon regular emissions, thermal efficiency and costs (calculated...
Hydrogen-natural gas blends (HCNG) have the advantage of lower emission levels, because of their lean combustion characteristics, compared to a direct injection diesel engine equipped with a high-cost fuel supply system and an aftertreatment system for heavy-duty vehicles. The HCNG engine has superior fuel economy with extension of the flammability limit. However, the performance and emission characteristics...
In this work, the commercially available diesel fuel (Bu00), butanol(20%)–diesel(80%) (by vol.) (Bu20), butanol(30%)–diesel(70%) (Bu30), and butanol(40%)–diesel (60%) (Bu40) fuels were tested. Experiments were conducted on a high-speed direct injection (DI) diesel engine for passenger-car application for varied loads at two representative engine speeds. The results showed that butanol–diesel blends...
A new type of biofuel, pine oil, is introduced in this work for the purpose of fueling diesel engine. The viscosity, boiling point and flash point of the reported oil are lower, when compared to that of diesel. Also, the calorific value of pine oil biofuel is comparable to diesel. As a result, it can be directly used in diesel engine without trans-esterifying it. Pine oil biofuel and their blends...
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