The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
Due to high energy efficiency and zero emissions, some believe fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) could revolutionize the automobile industry by replacing internal combustion engine technology, and first boom in China. However, hydrogen infrastructure is one of the major barriers. Because different H 2 pathways have very different energy and emissions effects, the well-to-wheels (WTW) analyses are...
The cement and lime industries are major contributors to the anthropogenic CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere. By combining the CO 2 -releasing calcination of CaCO 3 with the CO 2 -consuming dry-reforming of CH 4 , and by further combining these endothermic reactions with the exothermic partial oxidation of CH 4 , a single thermo-neutral process can be...
The thermodynamics of a solar thermochemical cycle for the capture of CO 2 from air are analyzed. The cycle encompasses 3 reactors: an aerosol-type carbonator for capturing CO 2 from air using a spray of Ca(OH) 2 aqueous solution, a solar calciner for thermally decomposing CaCO 3 into CaO using concentrated solar energy, and a conventional slaker for regenerating Ca(OH)...
The membrane reactor is a novel technology for the production of hydrogen from natural gas. It promises economic small-scale hydrogen production, e.g. at refuelling stations and has the potential of inexpensive CO 2 separation. Four configurations of the membrane reactor have been modelled with Aspen plus to determine its thermodynamic and economic prospects. Overall energy efficiency...
Hydrogen, a promising and clean energy carrier, could potentially replace the use of fossil fuels in the transportation sector. Currently, no environmentally attractive, large-scale, low-cost and high-efficiency hydrogen production process is available for commercialization. Solar-driven water-splitting thermochemical cycles may constitute one of the ultimate options for CO 2 -free production...
Hydrogen produced from renewable biofuel is both clean and CO 2 neutral. This paper evaluates energy and net CO 2 emissions consequences of integration of hydrogen production from gasified black liquor in a chemical pulp mill. A model of hydrogen production from gasified black liquor was developed and integration possibilities with the pulp mill's energy system were evaluated in order...
Flue gases from coal, gas, or oil-fired power stations, as well as from several heavy industries, such as the production of iron, lime and cement, are major anthropogenic sources of global CO 2 emissions. The newly proposed process for syngas production based on the tri-reforming of such flue gases with natural gas could be an important route for CO 2 emission avoidance. In addition,...
The energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of all private and transit vehicles from the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada are analysed for the year 2000. The energy figures are then compared with the Province's renewable energy potential. Results indicate that electric trolley buses and the automated rapid transit SkyTrain were eight times as energy efficient as private vehicles...
In order to increase the efficiency of waste utilization in thermal conversion processes, pre-treatment is advantageous. With the Herhof Stabilat ® process, residual domestic waste is upgraded to waste-derived fuel by means of biological drying and mechanical separation of inerts and metals. The dried and homogenized waste-derived Stabilat ® fuel has a relatively high calorific value...
An evaluation was performed on the efficiency and emissions from an engine fuelled with compressed natural gas (CNG) and a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen, respectively. The mixtures of CNG and hydrogen were named HCNG.Two different mixtures were investigated; pure CNG, and 29vol% H 2 in CNG (named HCNG). For each mixture, four engine speeds were tested under full load conditions. For...
For the evaluation of potential routes for production and application of hydrogen in a future energy system, well-to-wheel (WtW) methodologies provide a means of comparing overall impacts of technologies and fuels in a consistent and transparent manner. Such analysis provides important background information for decision makers when implementing political incentives for the conversion to more environmentally...
The production of hydrogen combined with carbon capture represents a possible option for reducing CO 2 emissions in atmosphere and anthropogenic greenhouse effect. Nowadays the worldwide hydrogen production is based mainly on natural gas reforming, but the attention of the scientific community is focused also on other gas mixtures with significant methane content. In particular mixtures constituted...
This paper presents a comparative study of two energy system analysis models both designed for the purpose of analysing electricity systems with a substantial share of fluctuating renewable energy. The first model (EnergyPLAN) has been designed for national and regional analyses. It has been used in the design of strategies for integration of wind power and other fluctuating renewable energy sources...
This study deals with solar hydrogen production from the two-step iron oxide thermochemical cycle (Fe 3 O 4 /FeO). This cycle involves the endothermic solar-driven reduction of the metal oxide (magnetite) at high temperature followed by the exothermic steam hydrolysis of the reduced metal oxide (wustite) for hydrogen generation. Thermodynamic and experimental investigations have been...
The curbing of greenhouse gases (GHG) is an important issue on the international political agenda. The substitution of fossil fuels by renewable energy sources is an often-advocated mitigation strategy. Wind energy is a potential renewable energy source. However, wind energy is not reliable since its electricity production depends on variable weather conditions. High wind energy penetration rates...
A weir-type solar still is proposed to recover rejected water from the water purifying systems for solar hydrogen production. This consists of an inclined absorber plate formed to make weirs, as well as a top basin and a bottom basin. Water is flowed from the top basin over the weirs to the bottom collection basin. A small pump is used to return the unevaporated water to the top tank. Hourly distillate...
Possibly one of the most significant advantages that hydrogen may have as a fuel is its potential for increased second-law efficiency, due to fundamental differences in the mechanism of entropy generation during combustion with respect to the usual hydrocarbon-based fuels. A computational investigation of this effect is pursued for the case of mixtures of hydrogen and natural gas combusting in a diesel...
This paper documents the application of exhaust gas fuel reforming of two alternative fuels, biodiesel and bioethanol, in internal combustion engines. The exhaust gas fuel reforming process is a method of on-board production of hydrogen-rich gas by catalytic reaction of fuel and engine exhaust gas. The benefits of exhaust gas fuel reforming have been demonstrated by adding simulated reformed gas to...
With the rapid development of industry, more and more waste gases are emitted into the atmosphere. In terms of total air emissions, CO 2 is emitted in the greatest amount, accounting for 99wt% of the total air emissions, therefore contributing to global warming, the so-called “Greenhouse Effect”. The recovery and disposal of CO 2 from flue gas is currently the object of great international...
Coal use for electricity generation will continue growing in importance. In the present work the optimization of a high efficiency and zero emissions coal-fired plant, which produces both hydrogen and electricity, has been developed. The majority of this paper concerns an integration of gasification unit, which is characterized by coal hydrogasification and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) separation,...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.