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The cement and lime industries are major contributors to the anthropogenic CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere. By combining the CO 2 -releasing calcination of CaCO 3 with the CO 2 -consuming dry-reforming of CH 4 , and by further combining these endothermic reactions with the exothermic partial oxidation of CH 4 , a single thermo-neutral process can be...
The membrane reactor is a novel technology for the production of hydrogen from natural gas. It promises economic small-scale hydrogen production, e.g. at refuelling stations and has the potential of inexpensive CO 2 separation. Four configurations of the membrane reactor have been modelled with Aspen plus to determine its thermodynamic and economic prospects. Overall energy efficiency...
An evaluation was performed on the efficiency and emissions from an engine fuelled with compressed natural gas (CNG) and a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen, respectively. The mixtures of CNG and hydrogen were named HCNG.Two different mixtures were investigated; pure CNG, and 29vol% H 2 in CNG (named HCNG). For each mixture, four engine speeds were tested under full load conditions. For...
This paper presents part-load evaluation of a natural gas-fired chemical looping combustion (CLC) combined cycle with CO 2 capture. The novel combined cycle employs an air-based gas turbine, a CO 2 -turbine and a steam turbine cycle. In this combined cycle, the CLC reactors replace combustion chamber of the gas turbine. The proposed combined cycle has a net plant efficiency of about...
This study strives to clarify to what extent the improved insulation of new buildings affects the economically rational choice of heating supply. In the Danish context, natural gas furnaces show to be economically rational for the society only in few cases. District heating should be advocated only for areas with a high concentration of heat demand, primarily areas with apartment buildings. An increased...
The production of synthesis gas has gained increasing importance because of its use as raw material for various industrial syntheses. In this paper synthesis gas generation during the reaction of a coal/methane with steam and oxygen, which is called the co-gasification of coal and natural gas, was investigated using a laboratory scale fixed bed reactor. It is found that about 95% methane conversion...
Possibly one of the most significant advantages that hydrogen may have as a fuel is its potential for increased second-law efficiency, due to fundamental differences in the mechanism of entropy generation during combustion with respect to the usual hydrocarbon-based fuels. A computational investigation of this effect is pursued for the case of mixtures of hydrogen and natural gas combusting in a diesel...
The proposed method to analyze the composition of the cost of electricity is based on the energy conversion processes and the destruction of the exergy through the several thermodynamic processes that comprise a combined cycle power plant. The method uses thermoeconomics to evaluate and allocate the cost of exergy throughout the processes, considering costs related to inputs and investment in equipment...
While most olefins (e.g., ethylene and propylene) are currently produced through steam cracking routes, they can also possibly be produced from natural gas (i.e., methane) via methanol and oxidative coupling routes. We reviewed recent data in the literature and then compared the energy use, CO 2 emissions and production costs of methane-based routes with those of steam cracking routes. We...
Strategic behaviour by gas producers is likely to affect future gas prices and investments in the European Union (EU). To analyse this issue, a computational game theoretic model is presented that is based on a recursive-dynamic formulation. This model addresses interactions among demand, supply, pipeline and liquefied natural gas (LNG) transport, storage and investments in the natural gas market...
Natural gas can be used for satisfying population needs for heating, either directly by bringing the gas to the dwellings through the gas distribution system and combusting it in the domestic boiler (gas distribution system—G) or indirectly by combusting the natural gas in the heating plant and distributing the heat energy to the dwellings through the district-heating (DH) system. The selection of...
Using the results of a comprehensive data analysis of final energy consumption in industry and commercial buildings, the assessment has been made of the potential for gradual implementation of cogeneration plants in these facilities. In doing so, plans for the expansion of the natural gas pipeline distribution network in Thailand are taken into consideration. The sample comprises of 2540 factories...
Natural Gas is one of the important fossil fuel energy resources in India. Anchor customers of natural gas are the power sector and nitrogenous fertilizer. It is the cleanest form of energy derived from the fossil fuel basket. Because of clean combustion characteristics, natural gas is the fuel choice for many sections of Indian industry. The demand for natural gas will grow with time. Currently natural...
Natural gas is an important source of primary energy and it is saturated with water vapor under normal production conditions. In the design of natural gas dehydration systems, correct estimation of absorption column size is crucial. Once the lean TEG (Triethylene glycol) concentration has been established, the circulation rate of TEG and number of trays (height of packing) must be determined. The...
With the increasing concern regarding diesel vehicle emissions and the rising cost of the liquid diesel fuel as well, more conventional diesel engines internationally are pursuing the option of converting to use natural gas as a supplement for the conventional diesel fuel (dual fuel natural gas/diesel engines). The most common natural gas/diesel operating mode is referred to as the pilot ignited natural...
The debate over the availability of conventional natural gas has been nearly as strong as that for conventional oil. In Europe, the debate is strengthened due to the region’s dependence on natural gas from outside countries. In addition, concern has been expressed by some energy experts in recent years about an imminent shortage of natural gas from Europe, caused supposedly by dwindling natural gas...
This paper presents an overview of the LNG industry in China, covering LNG plants, receiving terminals, transportation, and applications. Small and medium scale LNG plants with different liquefaction processes have already been built or are being built. China's first two LNG receiving terminals have been put into operation in Guangdong and Fujian, another one is being built in Shanghai, and more are...
The concept of environmental efficiency in equipment is increasing with the unfolding of global warming. In terms of industrial equipment, it is the burners which have a major impact in this discussion because of industrial combustion. Demand for environmentally more efficient burners with a reduction in emissions is essential for the proper use of fossil fuels during the transition between this energy...
The present study examined unit roots, causality, cointegration, and efficiency of the natural gas market using the Northwest US natural gas markets as a case study. The results indicate that the natural gas market prices are stationary after the first differencing, and that spot and futures natural gas prices move in a similar direction. Spot prices tend to exert significant influence on future prices...
A diesel engine was modified for natural gas operation to optimize performance using gaseous fuel. A variation of combustion ratios (CR) including 9.0:1, 9.5:1, 10.0:1 and 10.5:1 was utilized to evaluate engine performance and emissions from the same engine over the engine speeds between 1000 and 4000 rpm. Tested engine performance parameters include brake torque, brake power, specific fuel consumption...
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