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Fuel ethanol is considered one of the most important renewable fuels due to the economic and environmental benefits of its use. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most promising feedstock for producing bioethanol due to its global availability and to the energy gain that can be obtained when non-fermentable materials from biomass are used for cogeneration of heat and power. In this work, several process...
Improvement and optimization of a complex chemical plant motivated by energy savings is presented in this paper. The reference object of the research is the sodium tripolyphosphate plant in “IHP-Prahovo”, the biggest factory for producing chemical products in Serbia and Montenegro. The research is done by using a step-by-step process integration approach, which combines several computer-based simulation/optimization...
The integration of the COREX process with the blast-furnace process, the installation of CO 2 removal and gas-and-steam CHP plant displays many energy and ecological advantages. The application of COREX gas after the removal of CO 2 as hot reducing gas leads first of all to a saving of coke. Besides the reduction of the consumption of coke, also the consumption of blast, high-purity...
Energy use continues to rise and with it the emissions of CO 2 . Energy efficiency methods have been applied across sectors. Efficiency gains and energy use per manufactured unit have fallen, particularly in relation to the processing industry. Residential, work place, leisure, and service sectors still use large amounts of energy and produce large emissions of CO 2 despite efficiency...
The use of Pinch technology is very often strongly limited by the existence of complex chemical process units (combustion, drying, scrubbing, etc.) in the energy system of the plant. Since this methodology, in its standard form, does not account for chemical operation inside those units, only a few process streams can be used for the creation of the heat exchanger network. The final design, in accordance...
The consumption of natural resources has been increasing continuously during recent decades, due to the growing demand caused by both the economic and the demographic rise of global population. Environmental overloads that endanger the survival of our civilization and the sustainability of current life support systems are caused by the increased consumption of natural resources—particularly water...
Significant energy savings can be achieved in the pulp and paper industry through process integration. The aim of this paper was to investigate how much seasonal variations in the process influence the potential for making energy savings. The hot and warm water system in a market pulp mill has been evaluated from an energy point of view, using pinch analysis. Considerable energy-saving potential was...
An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) uses an organic fluid as a working medium within a Rankine cycle power plant. ORC offers advantages over conventional Rankine cycle with water as the working medium, as ORC generates shaft-work from low to medium temperature heat sources with higher thermodynamic efficiency. The dry and the isentropic fluids are most preferred working fluid for the ORC. The basic ORC...
The paper presents the possibility of integration of the Corex process, blast furnace, CO 2 removal installation and metallurgical combined heat and power (CHP) plant. Such an integration has significant advantages from the technical and environmental points of view. As the Corex export gas (after CO 2 removal) is a highly valuable reducing agent, it is proposed to use it as a reducing...
The process integration of the bioprocess plant for production of yeast and alcohol was studied. Preliminary energy audit of the plant identified the huge amount of thermal losses, caused by waste heat in exhausted process streams, and reviled the great potential for energy efficiency improvement by heat recovery system. Research roadmap, based on process integration approach, is divided on six phases,...
Solar thermal systems have the potential to provide renewable industrial process heat and are especially suited for low pinch temperature processes such as those in the food, beverage, and textile sectors. When correctly integrated within an industrial process, they can provide significant progress towards both increased energy efficiency and reduction in emissions. However, the integration of renewable...
The long-term economic outcome of energy-related industrial investment projects is difficult to evaluate because of uncertain energy market conditions. In this article, a general, multistage, stochastic programming model for the optimization of investments in process integration and industrial energy technologies is proposed. The problem is formulated as a mixed-binary linear programming model where...
The reduction of energy and water demand is a critical issue in various industrial sectors like the pulp and paper industry. This objective may be achieved through properly designed heat and mass transfer networks. This work introduces a new methodology for the synthesis of these systems.The procedure here presented is specifically conceived for networks with two distinct sections: the simultaneous...
Demand for bioethanol has grown considerably over the last years. Even though Brazil has been producing ethanol from sugarcane on a large scale for decades, this industry is characterized by low energy efficiency, using a large fraction of the bagasse produced as fuel in the cogeneration system to supply the process energy requirements. The possibility of selling surplus electricity to the grid or...
The combined sugar and ethanol production process from sugar cane is a paradigmatic application for energy integration strategies because of the high number of hot and cold streams involved, the external hot utility requirement at two temperature levels for juice evaporation and crystallization, and the electricity demand for juice extraction by milling. These conditions make it convenient to combine...
In this paper, we propose a systematic approach to study how the development in terms of cost and proven functionality of emerging energy technologies affects the optimal choice and timing of investment decisions at an industrial plant today. The methodology used is based on stochastic programming, and all investments are optimized under uncertain energy market conditions. The cost development of...
Due to its suitability for using wet biomass, hydrothermal gasification is a promising process for the valorization of otherwise unused waste biomass to synthesis gas and biofuels. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) based hybrid cycles are considered as the best candidate for a more efficient and clean conversion of (bio) fuels. A significant potential for the integration of the two technologies is expected...
The most thermodynamically favorable operating conditions at which glycerol can be converted into hydrogen with maximum hydrogen yield by autothermal reforming using supercritical water were identified in a previous paper. As a second part of the study, a conceptual design based on energy integration and exergy analysis of the whole process has been performed. In the proposed scheme, the huge pressure...
The Scandinavian mechanical pulp and paper industry has been facing great challenges during the past decades, mainly because of declining demand for newsprint, and higher prices on raw material and energy. One way of increasing profitability is to produce more value-added products besides the production of pulp and paper. In this study, integration potentials of three possible future biomass gasification-based...
This paper presents a general methodology for exergy balance in chemical and thermal processes integrated in ProSimPlus ® as a well-adapted process simulator for energy efficiency analysis. In this work, as well as using the general expressions for heat and work streams, the whole exergy balance is presented within only one software in order to fully automate exergy analysis. In addition,...
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