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In this paper, the optimization of a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine (SOFC–GT) power plant is presented. The plant layout is based on an internal reforming SOFC stack; it also consists of a radial gas turbine, centrifugal compressors and plate-fin heat exchangers. In the first part of the paper, the bulk-flow model used to simulate the plant is presented. In the second part, a thermoeconomic...
In this paper, the results of the thermodynamic and economic analyses of distributed power generation plants (1.5MWe) are described and compared. The results of an exergetic analysis are also reported, as well as the thermodynamic details of the most significant streams of the plants. The integration of different hybrid solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system CO 2 separation technologies characterizes...
Modeling of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems is a powerful approach that can provide useful insights into the nonlinear dynamics of the system without the need for formulating complicated systems of equations describing the electrochemical and thermal properties. Several algorithmic approaches have in the past been reported for the modeling of solid oxide fuel cell stacks. However, all of these...
A suitable operational strategy for a power interchange operation using multiple residential solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cogeneration systems for saving energy is investigated by an optimization approach based on mixed-integer linear programming. In this power interchange operation, electricity generated by residential SOFC cogeneration systems is shared among households in a housing complex without...
Metal supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are one of the most promising candidates for power plants as well as portable applications due to their good mechanical and thermal properties. In this study, the thin NiFe supported SOFC, which consisted of thin metal support (NiFe, ∼70 μm), anode functional layer (Ni-YSZ, ∼30 μm), electrolyte (YSZ, ∼15 μm), and cathode (LSCF, ∼30 μm), was fabricated...
An energy analysis of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power systems with gas recycles fed by natural gas is carried out. Simple SOFC system, SOFC power systems with anode and cathode gas recycle respectively and SOFC power system with both anode and cathode gas recycle are compared. Influences of reforming rate, air ratio and recycle ratio of electrode exhaust gas on performance of SOFC power systems...
This paper points out an error in the literature and analyzes its effect on electrochemical models of solid oxide fuel cell stacks. A correction is presented.
A numerical model for an anode-supported intermediate-temperature direct-internal-reforming planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was developed. In this model, the volume-averaging method is applied to the flow passages in the SOFC by assuming that a porous material is inserted in the passages as a current collector. This treatment reduces the computational time and cost by avoiding a full three-dimensional...
In this paper, energetic performance comparison of three trigeneration systems is presented. The systems considered are SOFC-trigeneration, biomass-trigeneration, and solar-trigeneration systems. This study compares the performance of the systems considered when there is only electrical power and the efficiency improvement of these systems when there is trigeneration. Different key output parameters...
A power interchange operation, in which electric power generated by multiple residential solid oxide fuel cell cogeneration systems (R-FCGSs) is shared among residences in a housing complex with no reverse power flow to a commercial electric power system, has a high energy-saving effect as compared with a stand-alone operation of individual systems. To further improve its energy-saving effect, the...
In SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) systems operating at high temperatures, temperature fluctuation induces a thermal stress in the electrodes and electrolyte ceramics; therefore, the cell temperature distribution is recommended to be kept as constant as possible. In the present work, a mathematical model based on first principles is presented to avert such temperature fluctuations. The fuel cell running...
A comprehensive numerical model was developed to predict the electrochemical performance of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The multi-component Lattice Boltzmann (LB) model based on kinetic theory for gas mixtures combined with a representative elementary volume (REV) scale LB algorithm based on the Brinkman equation for flows in porous media, the Butler–Volmer equation and Ohm's law were adopted to...
This paper presents a detailed flexible mathematical model for planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which allows the simulation of transient performance characteristics. This mathematical model includes the incorporation of a thermal modelling into an electrochemical model with physico-chemical governing equations and a detailed multi-component gas diffusion mechanism, Dusty Gas Model (DGM). Spatial...
This paper examines an integrated SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) system with an absorption chiller that uses heat recovery of the SOFC exhaust gas for combined cooling, heating, and power production (trigeneration) through energy and exergy analyses. The system consists of an ethanol reformer, SOFCs, an air pre-heater, a steam generator and a double-effect LiBr/H2O absorption chiller. Validation of...
A trigeneration system driven by a SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) is modeled, analyzed and optimized from a thermoeconomic view point. The system includes an absorption refrigeration system to produce cooling and a supplemental heat exchanger for heating. A genetic algorithm is applied to permit multi-objective optimization, and optimal values are obtained for the design parameters (including solid...
In reformer based SOFCs (solid oxide fuel cells) with hydrocarbon fuels, fuel utilization (U) and STCR (steam-to-carbon-ratio) are important variables indicating conditions inside the anode and reformer respectively. However, both variables are difficult to measure due to their dependence on internal species concentrations, temperatures, pressures and flow rates. In contrast to system-specific model-based...
In this paper, a 3-dimensional mathematical model for one cell of an anode-supported SOFC (solid oxide fuel cells) is presented. The model is derived from the partial differential equations representing the conservation laws of ionic and electronic charges, mass, energy, and momentum. The model is implemented to fully characterize the steady state operation of the cell with countercurrent flow pattern...
The CCHP (combined cooling, heating, and power) system, especially combined with the SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell), has great potential for improving energy utilization efficiency. Therefore an integrated SOFC–CCHP system, fueled by COG (coke oven gas) which contains large amount of hydrogen, has been designed and proposed in this paper. The flue gas exhausted from the HRSG (heat recovery steam generator)...
Using numerical analysis, stabilization of the cyclic fluctuation (changes of several minutes or less) of PV (photovoltaics) was attempted by introducing governor-free control of a SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell), controlling air flow rate, and using a flywheel inertia system. The energy balance of the system element, mass balance, time lag, etc. were modeled, and the response characteristics of the...
A novel model of the hybrid system consisting of a SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) and a vacuum TIG (thermionic generator) is proposed so that the high temperature waste heat produced in the fuel cell can be efficiently exploited. Analytic expressions for the power outputs and efficiencies of the SOFC, TIG, and hybrid system are derived. The relation among the current density of the SOFC, the voltage...
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