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In this paper, parameters affecting castor oil transesterification reaction were investigated. Applying four basic catalysts including NaOCH 3 , NaOH, KOCH 3 and KOH the best one with maximum biodiesel yield was identified. Using Taguchi method consisting four parameters and three levels, the best experimental conditions were determined. Reaction temperature (25, 65 and 80°C), mixing...
In the present study, copper vanadium phosphate (CuVOP) with three-dimensional network structure was synthesized by hydrothermal method, and was characterized by Infrared spectrum (IR), elemental analysis (EA), EDXRF (energy dispersive X ray fluorescence) etc. Moreover, soybean oil was used as feedstock for producing biodiesel, and biodiesel was produced by CuVOP-catalyzed transesterification process...
Palm oil (PO) was treated using different methods in order to use and test it as fuel in Compression Ignition (CI) engines. The treatments include PO preheated and preparation of PO/diesel oil blends, using mixtures of PO with waste cooking oil (WCO), which are converted into esters by a transesterification process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of the palm oil-based biofuels...
In the present study, rubber seed oil, coconut oil and palm kernel oil, which are locally available especially in Kerala (India), are chosen and their transesterification processes have been investigated. The various process variables like temperature, catalyst concentration, amount of methanol and reaction time were optimized. Biodiesel from rubber seed oil (with high free fatty acid) was produced...
This work focuses on the development of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from high free fatty acid (FFA) containing Jatropha curcas oil (JCO). Solid base and acid catalysts were prepared and tested for transesterification in a batch reactor under mild reaction conditions. Mixtures of solid base and acid catalysts were also tested for single-step simultaneous esterification and transesterification...
BA (boiler ash) (empty fruit bunch ash) was used as a source of pseudo-homogeneous base catalyst for transesterification of palm olein. BA successfully transesterified palm olein at mild reaction conditions (3wt.% dried BA, 15:1 methanol:oil molar ratio, reaction temperature of 60°C and reaction time of 30min) to produce 90% methyl esters. Although BA works very well as a catalyst for transesterification,...
Biodiesel either in neat form or as a mixture with diesel fuel is widely investigated to solve the twin problem of depletion of fossil fuels and environmental degradation. The main objective of the present study is to compare performance, emission and combustion characteristics of biodiesel derived from non edible Jatropha oil in a dual fuel diesel engine with base line results of diesel fuel. The...
The major obstacle to biodiesel commercialization is the high cost of biodiesel. Biodiesel made from waste cooking oil is an economical source that can effectively reduce raw material cost. Although using a microwave heating system to improve the yields of waste-cooking-oil biodiesel has received little attention in the literature, experimental results indicate that it outperforms conventional heating,...
Heterogeneous basic catalysts can be used for biodiesel production. The performances of several types of such materials are described in the literature but small attention is given to its deactivation in reaction medium. This paper put in evidence that catalysts are not static identities in the reaction medium, and relates the physical characteristics of fresh and post reaction samples with deactivation...
Alkali-catalyzed transesterification of waste frying oils (WFO) was carried out in various conditions to investigate the effects of catalyst concentration, reaction time, methanol/oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, catalyst type (hydroxides, methoxides and ethoxides), and purification type (such as washing with hot water, purification with silica gel and dowex) on the biodiesel yields. The optimum...
A sequential esterification and transesterification method was used successfully to convert high free fatty acid oil into biodiesel with almost 100% conversion. The esterification system was catalysed by ferric-alginate beads (0.16:1 ferric-alginate beads to lauric acid mass ratio, 15:1 methanol to lauric acid molar ratio, methanol refluxing temperature (65 °C), reaction time of 3 h) and transesterification...
The beneficial use of tung oil in pre-blended oil for the production of biodiesel was studied at various blending compositions of tung, canola and palm oils (C BT , C BC and C BP ). The effects of C BT , ultrasonic power (P WUS ) and sample loading (V L ) on the yield (Y F ) and the properties of acid value, iodine values (IV), kinematic viscosity...
The alkaline-catalyzed ethanolysis of rapeseed oil was studied. In the case of homogeneous catalysis (KOH), the effects of various reaction conditions on the quantity and quality of biodiesel (yield, purity, acid number, carbon residue, free glycerol, potassium content) and the glycerol phase (weight, soaps and ethyl esters content) were studied. The studied reaction conditions were: the reaction...
The potential of Jatropha curcas seed oil for biodiesel production is well recognized. Lipase transesterification of triglycerides is an eco-friendly alternative to chemical process. However, intoxication by methanol hampers further applicability of enzymatic transesterification. This study investigated the impact of methanol adding on transesterification efficiency for jatropha oil with methanol...
A preliminary assessment of castor plant adaptability at Northern Portugal was performed, together with the evaluation of the extracted raw oil, without any refinement, for biodiesel production. Castor was seeded, plants grew and seeds were manually harvested after 2 years. Mechanical and chemical oil extraction procedures were evaluated. Biodiesel was produced by homogenous alkaline transesterification...
In order to meet the growing global energy requirement, exhaustive research is carried to develop and use variety of renewable fuels. Main objective of the present study is to compare the performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of biodiesel derived from non-edible Karanja oil in an unmodified diesel engine and to compare the results with baseline results of diesel fuel. Important physico-chemical...
Bio-fuel production provides an alternative non-fossil fuel without the need to redesign current engine technology. This study presents an experimental investigation into the effects of using biodiesel blends on diesel engine performance and its emissions. The biodiesel fuels were produced from Sunflower oil using the transesterification process with low molecular weight alcohols and sodium hydroxide...
An experiment to establish the best reaction conditions for the transesterification of soybean oil is described. We conducted the ethylic and methylic routes using two different protocols, and evaluated how the variables time, stirring, alcohol/oil molar ratio, catalyst (%), catalyst type, and temperature affected the process. The highest yield of biodiesel was obtained using the following conditions:...
Bimetallic Gold–silver core–shell nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs) were synthesized at room temperature, where gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) served as seeds for continuous deposition of silver atoms on its surface. The core–shell structure was examined by UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The catalytic activity of these nanoparticles toward biodiesel...
Effects of variation in biodiesel fuel properties on engine performance are not completely understood and there is a need for further research. The effects of altering the feedstock oil and alcohol type used in biodiesel production on engine performance (power, economy) and exhaust emissions (O 2 , CO (carbon monoxide), CO 2, NO) were investigated. Nine fatty acid methyl esters (Rapeseed,...
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