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Hydrocarbons in the middle distillate range (C 8 –C 26 ) have been treated with ultrasound at 20kHz – a frequency sufficient to drive acoustic cavitation. The high temperatures experienced as a result of the implosion of fuel vapour bubbles are sufficient to produce pyrolytic degradation and dehydrogenation, as well as a growth mechanism that results in the formation of small particles...
This work describes the use of the residual mass observed in a thermal decomposition curve for a soy biodiesel sample as a measure of its degradation degree. The difference in thermal stability between esters and oxidation products is the key point to make the determination. Using residual mass, the acceptance or rejection of a biodiesel becomes a non-subjective process and does not require knowledge...
The concentrations and modes of occurrence of highly-elevated trace elements including V, Cr, Se, Mo, Cd, Re, and U in some late Permian coals preserved within marine carbonate successions from Southwest China, were investigated using inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), sequential chemical extraction procedures (SCEP), field emission-scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with...
The surface properties of coal fly ash modified with a mesoporous siliceous material and functionalized with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane were studied to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the new matrix for Cu 2+ ions under different pH, initial metal concentrations, number of contacts and times for different adsorbent masses. The synthesized material was characterized chemically and morphologically,...
Pentanol is one of the next generation biofuels that could potentially help relieve the energy crisis and environmental problems. The objective of this study is to reveal the effects of pentanol addition to diesel and biodiesel fuels in different ratios on the combustion and emission of a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine. The tests were conducted at a constant speed (1600r/min) under...
Reducing the carbon footprint or GHG emissions is a major challenge during the production and processing of Canadian oil sands bitumen for clean transportation fuels. Co-processing bitumen derived feeds and biomass may provide an alternative solution since the level of GHG emissions for producing renewable biofuels is considered significantly lower than that for fossil fuels. In many developed countries,...
A laboratory-scale entrained flow reactor for gasification/pyrolysis of coal and biomass has been designed and constructed at the Pennsylvania State University. The pre-experimental numerical simulations have been used as an aid in the design of the reactor as well as understanding and explaining the experimental results. Post experimental modeling of the reactor has been carried out using the CFD...
An efficient photooxidative–extractive system for deep desulfurization of model fuel and actual diesel fuel was explored. A series of bimetallic Cu–Fe/TiO 2 photocatalysts was synthesized using sol–gel hydrothermal method and characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray...
Co-pyrolysis of red oak and high density polyethylene (HDPE) was conducted in a laboratory-scale, continuous fluidized bed reactor in a temperature range from 525 to 675°C. Pyrolysis products, including two fractions of pyrolysis-oil, non-condensable gases and char were analyzed to assess the influence of pyrolysis temperature and co-feeding of biomass with HDPE. It was found that increasing pyrolysis...
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