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We examined the feasibility of stimulating methanogenic crude oil biodegradation through the combined supply of CO2 and protein-rich matter in anaerobic microcosms, without the external supply of H2, and using formation waters and crude oil collected from the Stillwater and Cushing oil fields of Oklahoma, USA. We found that, depending on the chemical and microbiological composition of the formation...
Low salinity water injection (LSWI) has gained great attention as a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method with numerous advantages (e.g., economic and environmental aspects), compared to other conventional chemical EOR methods. For the past two decades, a number of laboratory studies have been performed by researchers to understand the main pore-scale mechanisms of oil displacement during LSWI;...
Understanding the pyrolysis mechanism of lignin is of great importance for improvement of thermochemical conversion processes and upgrading of biofuels. In this work, the pyrolysis of lignin model compound, guaiacol, at atmospheric pressure has been studied in a flow reactor by synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry. Over 50 species were detected and identified in guaiacol...
A new classification system is proposed for the morphological characterisation of char structures from biomass. These char structures are unlike the coal chars that have an established nomenclature via the International Committee of Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP) which divides char structures into thin walled and thick walled spheres and networks, mixed dense and mixed porous, fusinoids and solids...
The pyrolysis of methyl decanoate (MD), an ideal surrogate of biodiesels, was investigated in a flow reactor at the pressures of 30 and 760 Torr and the temperature ranging from 773 to 1198 K. A great variety of pyrolysis products including free radicals, n-alkanes, 1-alkenes, alkynes, unsaturated esters and aromatics were comprehensively observed and identified by employing synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet...
A mesoscale diverging combustor with a cylindrical flame holder is developed to improve the flame stabilization in present work for the first time. The experimental results show that the flame in the combustor with holder can remain symmetrically stable within a quite wide range of equivalence ratio. Then, the flame-anchoring mechanisms are analyzed systematically in terms of flow structure, conjugate...
In this fundamental laboratory scale investigation, carbon/carbon (C/C) composites were prepared from a mixture of pyrolyzed-chars of low-rank coals (lignite and sub-bituminous coals) or low-strength cokes (drum index: DI1506 = 52 and 73) and coke-oven gas (COG) tar to investigate the possibility of producing high-strength coke for blast furnace use from low-grade coals or cokes. In addition, the...
Three powdery CaO-based sorbents were synthesized respectively from calcium acetate and three different inert support precursors. Based on these sorbent powder, sorbent pellets without and with pore forming material (cellulose) were fabricated using an extrusion-spheronization method. Cyclic CO2 sorption performance of all powdery sorbents and sorbent pellets were tested in a TGA. It was found that...
Cetane number (CN) is one of the key factors of biodiesels and other diesel fuels. It is an indicator of ignition speed and required compression for ignition. CN estimation of biodiesel based on fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) composition was the main goal of this work. Application of artificial neural network (ANN) combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and teaching-learning based optimization...
This work investigates the effect of fuel reactivity, mixture preparation (premixed or diffusive) and equivalence ratio (φ = 0.6, 1.0) on the combustion and emission characteristics of ethanol, diesel-gasoline, n-heptane-iso-octane, n-heptane-ethanol and decane-ethanol in a constant volume bomb. It provides the direction to improve the combustion efficiency and reduce the pollutant emissions for the...
The effects of side-stream ammonia stripping as a pre- and post-treatment on the anaerobic mono-digestion of chicken manure were investigated in laboratory-scale continuous stirred tank reactors. Ammonia stripping columns were operated at pH 10 but different temperatures (35, 55, 70 °C). Results showed that digestate stripping at 70 °C and pH 10 got the highest ammonia removing rate (18.2–45.2%),...
In wood fuels, potassium is by far the most abundant aerosol forming component. Given this predominant role, a major contribution for meeting the tightened total particulate matter emission thresholds on European level could thus be expected by the introduction of an upper limit for potassium content in wood pellets. To evaluate options to introduce such an upper limit for the potassium content of...
In this study, bituminous shale samples were collected from Late Jurassic sedimentary section in the Marib oilfields to study their petrologic and organic geochemical properties. The results of this study indicate that the Late Jurassic bituminous shales can be considered as an oil-source rocks in the Sabatayn Basin (NW Yemen). The analyzed Late Jurassic shales have high organic matter (TOC up to...
In this study, the oil recovery potential of seawater (SW), SW with different ion compositions, low-salinity seawater (LSSW), and formation water (FW), is investigated, using chalk reservoir cores and crude oil from the North Sea. Furthermore, the impact of temperature on SW flooding performance is addressed.A series of flooding experiments were conducted at reservoir conditions (2800 psi and 60 °C),...
The effects of Ni promoter on Mo-S/CNT catalyst towards hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) were studied. Ni promoter was introduced into Mo-S/CNT catalyst by one-step or mechanical mixing method, and Ni species presented in the form of Ni-Mo-S or Ni3S4, respectively. Catalytic assessments indicated that Ni-Mo-S structure had obviously better HDS and HER activities than...
Rare earth elements (REE) play a critical role in the global economy. The concern about the REE supply challenge has stimulated global interest in recovering REE from alternative non-conventional REE sources such as coal fly ash. In this paper, sequential extraction, physical separations and hydrothermal alkaline treatment were explored for characterization and enrichment of REE from coal fly ash...
In this work, the performance of potassium glycinate (PG) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) mixture as potential green solvent for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture was investigated. The mixture was prepared by mixing PG with 50 weight percent (w/w%) VCO and characterised using density meter, tensiometer and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer. The densities of PG, VCO and PG-VCO mixtures measured...
The stabilities of low-boiling-fraction fast pyrolysis bio-oil (LBFBO) and upgraded bio-oil (UBO) produced using supercritical ethanol (scEtOH) were examined under accelerated aging conditions at 80 °C for up to 1 year. During the 3-month aging of LBFBO, a jelly-like non-flowable phase formed, and a hard, solid block formed after further aging for over 6 months. The viscosities and molecular weights...
Structural features of the co-liquefaction solid residue (CLSR) from the co-liquefaction of lignite and Merey atmospheric residue (MRAR) were analyzed to investigate the internal correlation relevant to the hydroconversion process of the reaction system. The feedstocks were loaded by using different catalysts, which resulted in a series of CLSRs with different hydroconversion degree after co-liquefaction...
Separation of heavy hydrocarbons from mineral surfaces is highly dependent on the oil composition and their host rock surface properties. Herein, the petroleum is divided into SARA fractions (saturates, aromatics, resins, asphaltenes) to investigate their desorption behaviors on different types of mineral surfaces (silica (SiO2), kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3)). The Quartz...
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