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This study is aimed to introduce the new and more precise experiment method which could characterize the mineralogical heterogeneity of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. As the 2D characterization methods and techniques still have a large amount of information to be excavated with quite strong vitality, the new method could be used to discover the minerals directly under the FE-SEM combining...
The flash boiling of fuel sprays can occur in engines when the fuel is injected into the ambient gas which pressure is lower than the saturation vapor pressure of the fuel. Recently, the flash boiling has attracted many engine researchers’ interest due to its superior spray atomization performance. It has been discussed that the formation of the flash boiling sprays is governed by the bubble dynamics...
The phenolic hydroxyl group (Phe-OH), a representative functional group in the lignin macromolecule, was found to play an important role in lignin pyrolysis in the presence of zeolite catalyst. We prepared lignin samples with different Phe-OH content by chemoselectivity controlled stepwise methylation. These methylated lignins had almost the same structures as the original lignin except for their...
This paper studies the catalytic combustion of a methane-air mixture inside a micro-channel reactor coated with cobalt oxide (Co3O4) film. The Co3O4 was coated on the reactor channels by an inexpensive electrodeposition method. A cohesive film with large accessible surface area was fabricated with the method described, which allowed the control of the film thickness. Complete combustion of methane...
Internal pore surface heterogeneity and pore matrix irregularities have a decisive influence on the gas adsorption capacity and transportation in the coalbed methane (CBM) reservoir. This study integrates novel idea of relating the multiple approaches to customize the obtained results from analytical techniques to attain efficient elucidation and quantification of pore features and its influence on...
The characteristics of Na2CO3-catalyzed water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) under coal liquefaction conditions were investigated. The reactivity of WGSR could be enhanced by improving water content and initial pressure of CO, owing to the reduced activation energy for WGSR in the high water density and subcritical state. The Na2CO3 had a promoting effect on WGSR, and a synergistic effectbetween Na2CO3...
The use of manganese ore as oxygen carrier has recently gained interest, primarily due to the combination of low cost and moderate to high reactivity. The possibility of an oxygen uncoupling reaction enhancing reactivity may be an additional advantage. In this paper, six manganese ores (Gloria, Tshipi, Gui Zhou, Metmin, Sibelco Calcined and SinAus) were evaluated with respect to their ability to release...
Two-stage solvent extraction, involving acetone (light extraction) and tetrahydrofuran (heavy extraction), was used to obtain materials from the fluid component of the coal matrix during the thermoplastic stage of pyrolysis. These extracted materials were characterized using Laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance...
The use of carbon-based catalysts has drawn so much interest in biodiesel production due to improved reaction performance. However, there was lack of comprehensive studies in term of its kinetic and thermodynamic perspective. Therefore, a methodical study is essential to uncover the influence of the carbon catalyst with respect to reaction rate and yield. This study represents kinetic and thermodynamic...
While biodiesel manufacturing using transesterification is a mature process, a number of key issues need to be addressed for widespread application. These include amongst others feedstock availability and waste products. In this paper, we report on a different approach to synthesize biodiesel, namely a two-stage process which alleviates the need to utilise purified oils and only contains relatively...
This study employs a semi-continuous reactor system to investigate the solvent effect of gamma-valerolactone (GVL) on cellulose hydrolysis in hot-compressed GVL/water (HCGW) at 250 °C and 10 MPa. The primary liquid products from cellulose hydrolysis in HCGW at various GVL concentrations are collected and characterised. Both hydrolysis reaction rate and final glucose recovery are found to increase...
Ultrasonic shear wave reflectometry is widely used in process control to measure the dynamic shear viscosities of Newtonian liquids. We apply the technique to study the temperature dependence of produced bitumen: a non-Newtonian ultra-heavy 6° API hydrocarbon with a room temperature viscosity of ∼103 Pa·s. The experimental apparatus employs a delay line made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) whose shear...
Propylene oxide (PO) is a traditional fuel in fuel–air explosives (FAE), and exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (JP-10) is a newly developed aviation fuel with a high volumetric energy density. Detonation properties of gaseous JP-10 and PO in a confined cylindrical tube were studied by two-dimensional simulation. Results show that the magnitude, trend and law of change in detonation properties of JP-10/air...
Cavitation is quite important for the diesel spray atomization and the combustion of air–fuel mixture. In this study, a high-speed CMOS camera equipped with a long-distance microscope was utilized to capture the transient cavitating flow and spray characteristics in real-size optical nozzles with needle motion. The transient cavitation images, including geometry-induced cavitation and vortex-induced...
Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE), as an alternative for butanol, can be used either in neat form or in blends with fossil fuels. Yet the flame characteristics of ABE blending gasolines have not been reported to date. To explore the effects of ABE addition on the laminar flame speed of gasoline, the spherical propagating flames of ABE, gasoline (represented by toluene reference fuel, TRF), as well as...
The pore volume compressibility of reservoir rock is usually measured by volume method and the relation between compressibility and porosity follows the Hall plot. However, the volume method yields a high pore volume compressibility value and a negative correlation between compressibility and porosity. Both results illustrate that unconventional reservoirs with low porosity has higher elastic energy...
Laminar burning velocities were measured by the heat flux method for premixed methane dimethyl-ether mixtures (CH4/DME) with air, at various mixture fractions from 100% CH4 to 100% DME with hydrogen addition of 0%, 20% and 40%. Experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure and room temperature within an equivalence ratio range between 0.6 and 1.7. Four chemical kinetic mechanisms specifically...
This work reports the chemical speciation and leaching characteristics of seven hazardous trace elements (HTEs, including Hg, As, Cr, Cd, Ba, Mn, and Pb) in the coal and fly ash samples collected from four coal-fired power plants in China. The physical structure and chemical composition of the fly ash were characterized by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer...
The characteristics of micropore (0.32–2 nm), mesopores (2–50 nm) and fractal dimensions of bituminous coal during the process of cyclic gas adsorption/desorption were revealed by combining N2 (77 K) and CO2 (273 K) adsorption experiments from microscopic aspect. The results indicate that the pore structure characterization in the coal matrix are changed, resulting in decreased mesopore volumes and...
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