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Brain edema is a severe complication of acute liver failure (ALF) that has been related to ammonia concentrations. Two mechanisms have been proposed in the pathogenesis: vasogenic edema that is secondary to the breakdown of the blood–brain barrier and cytotoxic edema caused by ammonia metabolites in astrocytes.We applied magnetic resonance techniques to assess the intracellular or extracellular distribution...
Pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α, is given to patients with liver diseases, but its effects in patients with advanced cirrhosis are unknown. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of its effects in patients with cirrhosis.A total of 335 patients with cirrhosis (Child–Pugh class C) were assigned to groups given either pentoxifylline (400 mg, orally,...
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