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Wide-area Situational Awareness (WASA) is of key importance in power system operators' decision-making. Lack of WASA can set in motion cascading failures, or contribute to the development of a blackout. Inadequate WASA was actually identified as one of the major causes of several blackouts in the last decade. A variety of factors in a power system control centre can affect the formation of WASA, especially...
Adaptive power system protection can be used to improve the performance of existing protection schemes under certain network conditions. However, their deployment in the field is impeded by their perceived inferior reliability compared to existing protection arrangements. Moreover, their validation can be problematic due to the perceived high likelihood of the occurrence of failure modes or incorrect...
Protection of power systems requires a high degree of reliability. Whenever a protection is called upon to operate, it must do so. Failure to do so may result in costly damage to plant, loss of supply to many consumers, and potentially, danger to life. Protection relays are designed in such a way as to ensure reliability of operation. Very often, the main threat to reliable operation is the circuit...
Transmission level protection functions are increasingly being looked at for Distribution systems. This can be attributed mainly to the enhancements being planned for by the Operating Companies, to increase the system efficiency, and also to ensure reliable power supply to the end Consumers. Slowly, the catch word "Smart Grid" is being consciously and progressively transformed to practical...
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