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In the process of fracture healing, several phases of recovery are observed as the mechanical stability, continuity and normal load carrying capacity are gradually restored. The ultrasonic monitoring and discrimination of different healing stages is a complex process due to the significant microstructure and porous nature of osseous and callus tissues. In this study, we investigate the influence of...
Electro-stimulative hip revision systems accelerate the bone growth around the implant and are capable of reducing the number of side effects such as aseptic implant loosening. A computational model was developed to determine the optimal electrode arrangement for such a system, which is currently under development. The optimization process depends on the electrical properties of bone material and...
Flatfoot is a foot condition caused by the collapse of the medial arch of the foot, and it can result in problems such as severe pain, swelling, abnormal gait, and difficulty walking. Despite being a very common foot deformity, flatfoot is one of the least understood orthopaedic problems, and the opinions regarding its optimal treatment vary widely. In this paper, an FE model of a flatfoot is proposed...
Stature is an important biological characteristic considered in the clinical activities. Height (h)is frequently hard to measure in the elderly population or in people with skeletal deformities and vertebral fractures. Furthermore it represents also a key point in forensic evaluations. Our aim was to provide an equation in order to predict human height based on the Longitudinal Scapular Diameter(LSD)...
Rib cage structure and morphology is important for anatomical analysis of chest CT scans. A fundamental challenge in rib cage extraction is varying intensity levels and connection with adjacent bone structures including shoulder blade and sternum. In this study, we present a fully automated 3-D algorithm to segment the rib cage by detection and separation of other bone structures. The proposed approach...
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have shown promise in tissue engineering applications due to their potential for differentiating into mesenchymal tissues such as osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes and releasing proteins to promote tissue regeneration. One application involves seeding MSCs in biomaterial scaffolds to promote osteogenesis in the repair of bone defects following implantation. However,...
Calcium Phosphate Cements (CPCs) with osteoconductive properties are limited in their applications because of their poor mechanical properties. This study investigated the additive effect of Dexamethasone-doped Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs on the mechanical properties of CPCs. HNTs are nanosized tubes with alumino-silicate composition. Physico-chemical properties, cytocompatability and cellular functionality...
Post-operative complications due to infections are the most common problems that occur following dental and orthopedic implant surgeries and bone repair procedures. Preventing post-surgical infections is therefore a critical need that current polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement fail to address. Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are unique in their ability to crystallize calcium and phosphate...
Bone defect repair is a significant clinical challenge in orthopedic surgery. Despite tremendous efforts, the majority of the current bone tissue engineering strategies depend on bone formation via intramembranous ossification (IO), which often results in poor vascularization and limited-area bone regeneration. Recently, there has been increasing interest in exploring bone regeneration through a cartilage-mediated...
In the situation when both cartilage and its underlying bone are damaged, osteochondral tissue engineering is being developed to provide a solution. In such cases, the ability to non-invasively monitor and differentiate the development of both cartilage and bone tissues is important. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been widely used to non-invasively...
Developing a non-invasive method to monitor the growth of tissue-engineered cartilage is of utmost importance for tracking the progress and predicting the success or failure of tissue-engineering approaches. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a leading non-invasive technique suitable for follow-through in preclinical and clinical stages. As complex tissue-engineering approaches are being developed...
Bone marrow was assumed to be negligible on the aspect of bone mechanical behavior, where bone mass and bone mineral density were most studied. As a result, if the bone marrow, especially the marrow fat, plays a role in the bone mechanical properties is unknown yet. Marrow fat content was found increased in osteoporotic bone. However, the relationship between such change of bone marrow and bone strength...
Alterations in cortical causality information flow induced by remifentanil infusion in healthy volunteers was investigated in a placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over study. For each of the 21 enrolled male subjects, 2.5 minutes of resting electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected before and after infusion of remifentanil and placebo. Additionally, to assess cognitive function and analgesic...
In human movement analysis, the hip joint centre can be estimated using a functional method based on the relative motion of the femur to the pelvis measured using reflective markers attached to the skin surface by an optical motion capture system. The principal source of errors in estimating the hip joint centre location using functional methods is soft tissue artefacts due to the relative motion...
Pedicle screw fixation is a well-established procedure for various spinal disorders. However, pedicle screws failures are still reported. Therefore, there is a need for a greater understanding of the pedicle screw failure mechanism. This experimental study investigates the biomechanical stability of pedicle screws using a synthetic bone surrogate with a special focus on the screw loosening mechanism...
Posterior pedicle screw fixation is commonly used for patients with spinal disorders. However, failure of fixation is reported in many cases and surgeons have only little information. The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between the probe indentation force, screw insertion torque and the pullout force using bone surrogates of different densities. The indentation force and insertion...
Joint incongruity is often cited as a possible etiological factor for the high incidence of thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint osteoarthritis (OA) in older women. There is evidence suggesting that biomechanics plays a role in CMC OA progression, but little is known about how CMC joint congruence, specifically, differs among different cohorts. The purpose of this in vivo study was to determine if CMC...
In this paper, we proposed a feature extraction and machine learning method for the classification of ultrasound images obtained from lumbar spine of pregnant patients in the transverse plane. A group of features, including matching values and positions, appearance of black pixels within predefined windows along the midline, are extracted from the ultrasound images using template matching and midline...
In this paper, we present a new active contours model to segment human leg bones in computed tomography images that is based on a variable-weighted combination of local and global intensity. This model can split an object surrounded by both weak and strong boundaries, and also distinguish very adjacent objects with those boundaries. The ability of this model is required for segmentation in medical...
Information about abdominal wall can be used for many applications from organ segmentation, registration, and surgical simulation. The challenges exist in abdominal wall extraction due to its varieties in shapes, connection to the internal organs and anterior layer edge formed between the muscle and fascia/fatty layer, which may distract the shape model. In this paper we present an approach to the...
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