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In neurophysiology, investigating brain connectivity within and between different brain structures is of fundamental importance for understanding nervous system function and its relation to behavior. Yet, parallel recordings in multiple brain structures is highly challenging, especially in rodents, which are most commonly employed in neurophysiological research but rather small in size. In this study,...
Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) methods are widely used to extract the brain activity for brain machine interfacing (BMI) based on electroencephalogram (EEG). For each mental task, CSP methods estimate a covariance matrix of EEG signals and adopt the uniform average of the sample covariance matrices over trials. However, the uniform average is sensitive to outliers caused by e.g. unrelated brain activity...
Different regions in the resting brain exhibit non-stationary functional connectivity (FC) over time. In this paper, a simple and efficient framework of clustering the variability in FC of a rat's brain at rest is proposed. This clustering process reveals areas that are always connected with a chosen region, called seed voxel, along with the areas exhibiting variability in the FC. This addresses an...
In this paper, we aimed to investigate the possible interactions between human brain and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) with electroencephalogram (EEG) technique. Unlike the previous studies which mainly focused on EMF effect on local brain activities, we attempted to evaluate whether the EMF emitted from Long Term Evolution (LTE) devices can modulate the functional connectivity of brain...
This work investigates phase synchrony as a neuro-marker for the identification of two brain states: coma and quasi-brain-death. Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) data of 34 patients were recorded in an intensive care unit (ICU), with 17 recordings for patients in a coma state, and 17 recordings for patients in a quasi-brain-death state. Phase synchrony was used for feature extraction from EEG recording...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Therefore, early detection and evaluation of prognosis of AD is an important issue in contemporary brain research. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides valuable diagnostic information about AD. In this work, brain tissue is extracted using phase-based level set method. Structure tensor analysis is used to visualize...
In Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), the location of implanted electrodes in the brain has direct influence on the therapeutic effect of the treatment. This work deals with estimating the position of the implanted DBS electrodes from the images registered by X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scanners. A technique named junction method that takes advantage of the streak artifacts created by the metal parts...
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been demonstrated that it can enhance the cortex excitability and modulate the event-related desynchronization (ERD) in motor imagery (MI). Phase synchronization is an important signature in the brain that reflects the neural interaction and integration, which has been adopted as an important EEG pattern for Brian-Computer Interface (BCI) control...
We propose a novel approach for measuring the stationarity level of multichannel time-series. This measure is based on stationarity definition over time-varying spectra and aims to quantify the relationship between local (single-channel dynamics) and global (multichannel dynamics) stationarity. With the purpose of separate among several motor/imagery tasks, we asssume that movement imagination implies...
How movements are generated and controlled by the central nervous system (CNS) is still not well understood. In this work, we tested the hypothesis of a modular organization of the brain activity during the execution of voluntary movements. In particular, we extracted meta-stable topographies as a measure for global brain state, so-called microstates, from electroencephalography (EEG) data during...
Treadmills provide a safe and efficient method for gait rehabilitation but treadmill based training paradigms have not been shown to create superior results when compared with traditional physical therapy methods such as overground training. One explanation for this may be that walking at a constant, fixed speed requires little mental engagement from the user, which has been postulated as a key factor...
We analyzed the frequency spectrum of magnetoencephalogram (MEG) background activity in 16 bipolar disorder (BD) patients and 24 age-matched healthy control. Median frequency (MF), spectral entropy (SpEn), and relative power in delta (RPδ), theta (RPθ), alpha (RPα), beta (RPβ), and gamma (RPγ) bands were computed for all 148 MEG channels. Significant differences between the two groups were found in...
fMRI studies have suggested that there are two different attention networks: the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the ventral attention network (VAN). The emotion network has also been discovered by some researches. The dorsal attention network controls goal-oriented top-down deployment of attention; the ventral attention network controls stimulus-driven bottom-up deployment of attention; the emotion...
In this paper, we present a novel approach for functional network connectivity in fMRI resting activity using distance correlation. The proposed method accounts for nonlinear relationships between the resting state networks and can be used for both single subject and group level analyses. We showed that the new strategy improves the capacity of characterization of pathological populations, such as,...
We propose a new Kernel-based Atlas Image Selection computed in the Embedding Representation space (termed KAISER) aiming to support labeling of brain tissue on 3D magnetic resonance (MR) images. KAISER approach provides efficient feature extraction from MR volumes based on an introduced inter-slice kernel (ISK). Thus, using the ISK matrix eigendecomposition, the inherent structure of data distribution...
The visual appealing nature of the now popular BOLD fMRI may give the false impression of extreme simplicity, as if the the functional maps could be generated with the press of a single button. However, one can only get plausible maps after long and cautious processing, considering that time and noise come into play during acquisition. One of the most popular ways to account for noise and individual...
The age-related impairment is an increasing problem due to the aging suffered by the population, especially in developed countries. It is usual to use electroencephalogram (EEG)-based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) systems by means of the signal in order to assist and to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities. However, a parallel research line addresses the problem by the use of BCI...
Mal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS) is a chronic disorder of imbalance characterized by a feeling of rocking and swaying. The medical treatment for MdDS is still limited. Motivated by our previous pilot study that demonstrates the promising clinical efficacy of repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) in MdDS patients, a novel rTMS paradigm, i.e., 1 Hz stimulation over ipsilateral dorsal lateral...
The neural mechanisms of music listening and appreciation are not yet completely understood. Based on the apparent relationship between the beats per minute (tempo) of music and the desire to move (for example feet tapping) induced while listening to that music it is hypothesised that musical tempo may evoke movement related activity in the brain. Participants are instructed to listen, without moving,...
In vitro brain slice preparations are instrumental in developing our understanding of the nervous system. However, the current lifespan of an acute brain slice is limited to approximately 6–12 hours. This reduces potential experimentation time and leads to considerable waste of neural tissue. We have designed, developed and tested a novel incubation system capable of extending the lifespan of these...
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