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Automated processing of digital histopathology slides has the potential to streamline patient care and provide new tools for cancer classification and grading. Before automatic analysis is possible, quality control procedures are applied to ensure that each image can be read consistently. One important quality control step is color normalization of the slide image, which adjusts for color variances...
This paper presents a new design of worm robot whose body is constructed using a novel crimped elastic mesh braid inspired by the earthworm. The proposed worm robot is intended for inspection within the human body via natural orifices. The design and fabrication procedure of the worm robot are given in the paper. The imitation of peristalsis, used by natural worms, is used to control the worm robot...
Clinical decision support systems use image processing and machine learning methods to objectively predict cancer in histopathological images. Integral to the development of machine learning classifiers is the ability to generalize from training data to unseen future data. A classification model's ability to accurately predict class label for new unseen data is measured by performance metrics, which...
Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies often fail to diagnose prostate cancer with 90% of cores reported as benign. Thus, it is desirable to target prostate cancer lesions while reducing the sampling of benign tissue. The concentrations of natural fluorophores in prostate tissue fluctuate with disease states. Hence, fluorescence spectroscopy could be used to quantify these fluctuations to...
Mathematical modeling of drug transport can complement current experimental and clinical investigations to understand drug resistance mechanisms, which eventually will help to develop patient-specific chemotherapy treatments. In this paper, we present a general time- and space-dependent mathematical model based on diffusion theory for predicting chemotherapy outcome. This model has two important parameters:...
This paper presents an algorithm for three dimensional (3D) reconstruction of tumor ablations using ultrasound electrode vibration elastography. Shear wave velocity, which is used as a surrogate for tissue stiffness, is estimated by perturbing the ablation needle and tracking frame-to-frame displacements using radiofrequency ultrasound echo data. This process is repeated over many imaging planes that...
Interstitial fluid pressures within most solid tumors are significantly higher than that in the surrounding normal tissues. Therefore, cancer cells must proliferate and migrate under the influence of elevated hydrostatic pressure while a tumor grows. In this study, we developed a pressurized cell culture device and investigated the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the migration speeds of lung...
Efficient microcancer detection in the small intestine can be realised by infrared fluorescence en-doscopy (IRFE). The affected areas can be visualised through that technique in conjunction with an infrared fluorescent-labeling contrast agent, which is selectively uptaken by cancerous cells. In this paper we present a screening capsule prototype that is able to measure IR fluorescence levels emitted...
The creation of personal and individualized anti-cancer treatments has been a major goal in the progression of cancer discovery as evident by the continuous research efforts in genetics and population based PK/PD studies. In this paper we use our clinical decision support tool, called ChemoDSS, to evaluate the effectiveness of three treatments recommended by the NCCN guidelines for ovarian cancer...
We validated a model of the TGF-β signaling pathway using reactions from Reactome. Using a patentpending technique, gene expression profiles from individual patients are used to determine model parameters. Gene expression profiles from 45 women, normal, or benign tumor and malignant breast cancer were used as training and validating sets for assessing clinical sensitivity and specificity. Biomarkers...
Cancer growth is associated with angiogenic processes in many types of cancer. Several imaging strategies have therefore been developed that target angiogenesis as a marker for cancer localization. To this end, intravascular and extravascular tissue perfusion is typically assessed by dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) ultrasound (US) and MRI. All the proposed strategies, however, overlook important changes...
Computer-aided detection systems can help radiologists to detect pulmonary nodules at an early stage. In this paper, a novel Computer-Aided Diagnosis system (CAD) is proposed for the classification of pulmonary nodules as malignant and benign. The proposed CAD system using ensemble learning classifiers, provides an important support to radiologists at the diagnosis process of the disease, achieves...
Colon cancer initiating cells (CCICs) are more tumorigenic and metastatic than the majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. CCICs have also been associated with stem cell-like properties. However, there is a lack of system-level understanding of what mechanisms distinguish CCICs from common CRC cells. We compared the transcriptomes of CD133+ CCICs and CD133- CRC cells from multiple sources, which...
The objectives of this study are (1) to develop a novel “moderation” model of drug chemosensitivity and (2) to investigate if miRNA expression moderates the relationship between gene expression and drug chemosensitivity, specifically for HSP90 inhibitors applied to human cancer cell lines. A moderation model integrating the interaction between miRNA and gene expressions was developed to examine if...
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) that is detected at an advanced stage is associated with much worse patient outcomes than if detected at early stages. This study uses reverse phase protein array (RPPA) data to build predictive models that discriminate between early and advanced stage HNSCC. Individual and ensemble binary classifiers, using filter-based and wrapper-based feature selection,...
Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are frequently deregulated in human cancers with potential involvement in most if not all cellular processes leading to tumorigenesis. Mathematical/computational models of MAPK signaling are indispensable to the study of pathway deregulation dynamics and their nonlinear effects on cell fate and carcinogenesis. A finite state machine model...
Design and development of a compact microstrip C-type patch applicator for hyperthermia treatment of cancer is presented. The patch antenna is optimized for resonance at 434 MHz, return loss (S11) better than −15dB and co-polarized electric field in tissue. Effect of water bolus thickness on power delivery is studied for improved power coupling. Numerical simulations for antenna design optimization...
Nowadays, radiotherapy is one of the key techniques for localized cancer treatment. Accurate identification of target volume (TV) and organs at risk (OAR) is a crucial step to therapy success. Spinal cord is one of the most radiosensitive OAR and its localization tends to be an observer-dependent and time-consuming task. Hence, numerous studies have aimed to carry out the contouring automatically...
In order to develop a computer-aided diagnosis system for histopathological skin cancer diagnosis, segmentation of the epidermis area is the very first and crucial step. An improved computer-aided epidermis segmentation technique for the whole slide skin histopathological image is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique first obtains an initial segmentation result with the help of global thresholding...
In wireless body area sensor networking (WBASN) applications such as gastrointestinal (GI) tract monitoring using wireless video capsule endoscopy (WCE), the performance of out-of-body wireless link propagating through different body media (i.e. blood, fat, muscle and bone) is still under investigation. Most of the localization algorithms are vulnerable to the variations of path-loss coefficient resulting...
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