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Wireless power systems for use with implants are referred to as transcutaneous energy transmission systems (TETS) and consist of an implanted secondary coil and an external primary coil along with supporting electronics. A TETS system could be used to power ventricular assist systems and eliminate driveline infections. There are both direct and indirect safety concerns that must be addressed when...
This study examines the characteristics of the electric field (E-field) induced in the brain by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and magnetic seizure therapy (MST). The electric field induced by five ECT electrode configurations (bilateral, bifrontal, right unilateral, focal electrically administered seizure therapy, and frontomedial) as well as an MST coil configuration (circular) was computed in...
Electrode arrays used in neural recording and stimulation applications must be implanted carefully to minimize damage to the underlying tissue. A device has been designed to improve a surgeon's control over implantation parameters including depth, insertion velocity, and insertion force. The device has been designed to operate without contacting tissue and to respond to tissue movements in real time...
In preparing a wireless cortical stimulator for use in the Intracortical Visual Prosthesis (ICVP) project at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), an accelerated environmental stress test is being performed on prototype stimulator modules. Stimulator devices, containing a custom application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and encapsulated with PDMS, were soaked in an autoclave chamber at...
In this paper, we introduced an automated TMS system with robot control and optical sensor combined with neuronavigation software. By using the robot, the TMS coil can be accurately positioned over any preselected brain region. The neuronavigation system provides an accurate positioning of a magnetic coil in order to induce a specific cortical excitation. An infrared optical measurement device is...
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was proposed in 1985. Nevertheless, its wider use in the treatment of several neurologic diseases has been hindered by its inability to stimulate deep-brain regions. This is mainly due to the physical limiting effect arising from the presence of surface discontinuities, particularly between the scalp and air. Here, we present the optimization of a system of...
Anastomosis is a common surgical procedure using staples or sutures in an open or laparoscopic surgery. A more effective and much less invasive alternative is to apply the mechanical pressure on the tissue over a few days [1]. Since the pressure is produced by the attractive force between two permanent magnets, the procedure is called magnamosis[1]. To ensure the two magnets are perfectly aligned...
In this paper the design restrictions of an inductive sensor for an intraocular lens with focus control on the basis of a marker implanted in the ciliary muscle of the eye are discussed in the framework of anatomical and physiological influences and constraints: limitations on the marker size, influences of tissue conduction and effects of off-axis implantation of the marker with respect to the coil.
This paper presents a power-efficient implantable optogenetic interface using a wireless switched-capacitor based stimulating (SCS) system. The SCS efficiently charges storage capacitors directly from an inductive link and periodically discharges them into an array of micro-LEDs, providing high instantaneous power without affecting wireless link and system supply voltage. A custom-designed computer...
It has been shown that Electrical Properties d(EPs) of biological tissues can be derived from MR-based B1 measurement. A strong appeal for these ‘Electrical Property Tomography’ (EPT) methods is to estimate real-time and subject-specific local specific absorption rate (SAR) induced by RF transmission. In order to investigate the feasibility of EPT-based local SAR estimation, following previously proposed...
Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography (MREIT) is a medical imaging method that provides images of electrical conductivity at low frequencies (0–1 kHz). In MREIT, electrical current is applied to the body via surface electrodes and corresponding magnetic flux density is measured by means of Magnetic Resonance (MR) phase imaging techniques. By utilizing the magnetic flux density measurements...
An element design for receive array coils that decouples from the transmit coil without external active detuning is presented for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of mice. The array element uses a crisscrossed geometry on the return paths to reduce the current induced by the transmit coil. Without the need for an external active detune network, the proposed method simplifies the construction of MRI...
This paper presents our recent progresses towards the development of a wirelessly powered head mountable optical stimulator for enabling long-term optogenetic experiments with small freely moving transgenic models. The proposed system includes a wireless power transmission chamber with uniform power distribution in 3D and a wireless head mountable optical stimulator prototype with power recovery....
We present a scaling model for electrically-actuated needle free jet injectors, establishing the relationship between injection volume and motor size. Using an analytical electromagnetic model for the motor, we derive an optimal motor design, and show that this design is approximately scale-invariant. To illustrate the utility of this model, we then describe the design of a motor for use with 300μL...
Measuring the local pressure in blood vessels is valuable in the postoperative monitoring of aneurysms. However, implanting a conventional pressure sensor equipped with power and signal cables causes difficulties during the operative procedure and carries a risk of infection after the implantation. In this study, we developed a wireless, implantable, and flexible pressure sensor. A magnetic resonance...
An essential feature of magnetic resonance (MR) probes for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy is the ability to generate uniform B1+ excitation in a volume of interest. When the magnetic field strength is increased, leading to an increase in resonance frequency, the constraints on the MR probes size, the sample size and the associated radiation losses caused by conductor elements are higher...
Recent work on blind compressed sensing (BCS) has shown that exploiting sparsity in dictionaries that are learnt directly from the data at hand can outperform compressed sensing (CS) that uses fixed dictionaries. A challenge with BCS however is the large computational complexity during its optimization, which limits its practical use in several MRI applications. In this paper, we propose a novel optimization...
Magnetic resonance imaging is empowered by parallel reading, which reduces acquisition time dramatically. The time saved by parallelization can be used to increase image quality or to enable specialized scanning protocols in clinical and research environments. In small animals, the sizing constraints render the use of multi-channeled approaches even more necessary, as they help to improve the typically...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered a key modality for the future as it offers several advantages, including the use of non-ionizing radiation and having no known side effects on the human body, and has recently begun to serve as a key component of multi-modal neuroimaging. However, two major intrinsic problems exist: slow acquisition and intrusive acoustic noise. Parallel MRI (pMRI) techniques...
Research has shown that closer proximity of a cochlear implant electrode array to the inner modiolar wall can improve hearing performance in a recipient. It is understood that developing a real-time intra-operative imaging technique would bring the surgeon visual feedback that can correlate with tactile resistances during electrode insertion, reducing various risks of insertion traumas, while guiding...
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