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We present a new approach for the evaluation of the biomechanical properties of lower limb veins based on the simultaneous measurements of the vein cross-sectional area with B-mode ultrasound imaging and of the force exerted on the skin by the ultrasound probe. Ongoing clinical trials allowed us to identify a behavioral model of lower limb veins without and with compression stockings.
In the embryo development problem for the Drosophila melanogaster, a set of molecules known as mor-phogens are responsible for the embryo segmentation. These morphogens are encoded by different genes, including the GAP genes, maternal coordination genes and pair-rule genes. One of the maternal coordination genes encodes the Bicoid morphogen, which is the responsible for the development of the Drosophila...
Miniaturized surgical robotic system presents promising trend for reducing invasiveness during operation. However, cables used for power and communication may affect its performance. In this paper we chose Zigbee wireless communication as a means to replace communication cables for miniaturized surgical robot. Nevertheless, time delay caused by wireless communication presents a new challenge to performance...
WaFLES (Water-Filled LaparoEndoscopic Surgery) is an operative method suggested by Igarashi et al., which has several advantages, such as, preventing the drying of inner organs, and being able to use ultrasound devices for real time monitoring. However, grasping of inner organs with usual forceps for move and incision purpose is difficult. Therefore our ultimate goal is to develop a small sucker manipulator...
Regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNIs) are for signal transfer between peripheral nerves inside the body to controllers for motorized prosthetics external to the body. Within the residual limb of an amputee, surgical construction of a RPNI connects a remaining peripheral nerve and spare muscle. Nerve signals become concentrated within the RPNI. Currently metal electrodes implanted on the...
Electrode arrays used in neural recording and stimulation applications must be implanted carefully to minimize damage to the underlying tissue. A device has been designed to improve a surgeon's control over implantation parameters including depth, insertion velocity, and insertion force. The device has been designed to operate without contacting tissue and to respond to tissue movements in real time...
Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are commonly used minimally invasive methods to treat vertebral compression fractures. Novice surgeons gather surgical skills in different ways, mainly by “learning by doing” or training on models, specimens or simulators. Currently, a new training modality, an augmented reality simulator for minimally invasive spine surgeries, is going to be developed. An important...
This paper provides an energy-harvesting, shoe-mounted system for medical sensing using piezoelectric transducers for generating power. The electronics are integrated inside a conventional consumer shoe, measuring the pressure of the wearer's foot exerted on the sole at six locations. The electronics are completely powered by the harvested energy from walking or running, generating 10–20 μJ of energy...
Muscle's contractile properties are complicated by its viscoelastic properties. Failure of early viscoelastic muscle models led to Hill's force-velocity relation embodied as the contractile element. Adopting a particular force-velocity relation to describe muscle is neither easy, nor unique [1]. Time-varying elastance based models of the left ventricle have been popular since the idea was presented...
The goal of developing high fidelity simulation of muscle force is of considerable interest for the biomedical community. Traditionally Hill models have been incorporated. However, feasible scope of the Hill model is inherently limited, especially in light of the growing relevance of muscle history dependence. History dependence is considered to be significant for motor control and stability. Attempts...
This paper proposes a novel texture sensing method for nursing-care gel by using an artificial mastication system, in which not only mechanical characteristics but also geometrical ones are objectively and quantitatively evaluated. When human masticates gel food, she or he perceives the changes of the shape and contact force simultaneously. Based on the impressions, they evaluate the texture. For...
In this paper we present a novel methodology for classifying cells by using a combination of dielectrophoresis, image tracking and classification algorithms. We use dielectrophoresis to induce unique motion patterns in cells of interest. Motion is extracted via multi-target multiple-hypothesis tracking. Trajectories are then used to classify cells based on a generalized likelihood ratio test. We present...
Controlled drug release is crucial for targeted implant smart drug delivery system (DDS). In this work a chitosan film loaded with green food coloring is fabricated to demonstrate the concepts of drug release using electrical stimulus. A simulation model is also developed to explain the physical phenomena of this drug release using finite element method (FEM). It is found that drug delivery is increased...
We previously proposed a passive mechanism as the link knee joint unit (LKJ) for a transfemoral prosthesis for stair ascent. The prototype allowed the experimental subjects to ascend stairs without the use of a handrail. In the present study, we modified the LKJ unit and developed further two designs of the LKJ unit. One has full knee extension function during the prosthetic stance phase (condition...
Our aim is to develop a frame work for virtually learning the ultrasound exams. In this paper we address the method used to build the image database required for this frame work. The used materiel and the proposed methodology are presented and explained. The realized prototype has been used to build the database of ultrasound images.
Palpation plays a critical role in medical physical exams. Despite the wide range of exams, there are several reproducible and subconscious sets of maneuvers that are common to examination by palpation. Previous studies by our group demonstrated the use of manikins and pressure sensors for measuring and quantifying how physicians palpate during different physical exams. In this study we develop mathematical...
We present a scaling model for electrically-actuated needle free jet injectors, establishing the relationship between injection volume and motor size. Using an analytical electromagnetic model for the motor, we derive an optimal motor design, and show that this design is approximately scale-invariant. To illustrate the utility of this model, we then describe the design of a motor for use with 300μL...
This study presents an active brace which is a cost efficient precision-controlled advanced therapy medicinal product for time and rate controlled transdermal drug delivery (TDD) through the use of drug containing nanoparticles and electronics. The active brace is designed to adjust the pressure at the contact area where the medication is applied. The drug is contained in the nanoparticles produced...
In this paper, control of a thin catheter bending by using acoustic radiation force was carried out to develop precise and noninvasive surgery in small blood vessel. First, it was elucidated that the acting force to a thin catheter made from perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) copolymer could be obtained from the cantilever equation in the effective range, where the displacement of the catheter divided by the cube...
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