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Hypoglycemia is a common side-effect of insulin therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and is the major limiting factor to maintain tight glycemic control. The deficiency in glucose counter-regulation may even lead to severe hypoglycaemia. It is always threatening to the well-being of patients with T1DM since more severe hypoglycemia leads to seizures or loss of consciousness and...
Resistive loading affects the breathing pattern and causes an increase in negative intrathoracic pressure. The aim of this paper was to study the influence inspiratory and expiratory loading on cardio-respiratory interaction. We recorded electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiratory inductance plethysmogram (RIP) in 11 healthy male subjects under normal and resistive loading conditions. The R-R time series...
Neurally mediated syncope (NMS) is a disorder of the autonomic regulation of postural tone, which is characterized by hypotension and/or bradycardia, resulting in cerebral hypo-perfusion and finally in a sudden loss of consciousness. Prediction of an impending NMS requires detection of pulse presence to derive heart rate (HR) as well as to assess the pulse strength (PS) related to systolic blood pressure...
The monitoring of physiological parameters such as heart rate, ventilatory rate, or oxygen saturation is a commonly used practice in the medical field. Many clinical solutions exist, based on the use of specific sensors, dedicated for bedside patient's vital functions monitoring at hospital. But the implementation of such sensors in ambulatory situations is rendered extremely difficult because of...
We have developed numerical approaches to dynamical analysis of heart rates, measured as interbeat or RR, intervals, based on entropy and fluctuation analyses in a large data base of consecutive Holter monitor recordings. In Part I, we present a RR interval-based classifier that distinguishes normal sinus rhythm (NSR), atrial fibrillation (AF) and sinus rhythm with ectopy with an accuracy of 99%,...
We have been developing a fully automated ultrasound based imageless system to facilitate mass screening of patients for future risk of cardiovascular diseases. The device shall enable a general medical practitioner to non-invasively measure the local arterial stiffness of common carotid artery (CCA) and has been acronymed ARTerial Stiffness Evaluation for Non-invasive Screening (ARTSENS™). Complete...
We introduce the Spectrum-averaged Harmonic Path (SHAPA) algorithm for estimation of heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) with Impulse Radio Ultrawideband (IR-UWB) radar. Periodic movement of human torso caused by respiration and heart beat induces fundamental frequencies and their harmonics at the respiration and heart rates. IR-UWB enables capture of these spectral components and frequency...
Body temperature contains valuable health related information such as circadian rhythm and menstruation cycle. Also, it was discovered from previous studies that body temperature rhythm in daily life is related with sleep disorders and cognitive performances. However, monitoring body temperature with existing devices during daily life is not easy because they are invasive, intrusive, or expensive...
This paper proposes a new method for detecting P and T waves in multilead ECG based on the Finite Rate of Innovation(FRI) technique [8]. A simple QRS detection scheme will be presented followed by a novel P and T wave detection algorithm. The novelty here is the modelling of the P and T wave using a Gaussian kernel. Using a 2D wavelet decomposition, the approximation coefficients are windowed based...
Venous air embolism (VAE) is the air bubble accumulation in the right side of the heart. Changes in Doppler heart sound (DHS) are characteristic of VAE, and the anesthesiologist has to pay attention to this event continuously, which may not always be possible. This work aims to study different features of the heart sound through a precordial Doppler, that may provide useful information on VAE episodes...
The shift from common diagnosis practices to continuous monitoring based on body sensors has transformed healthcare from hospital-centric to patient-centric. Continuous monitoring generates huge and continuous amount of data revealing changing insights. Existing approaches to analyze streams of data in order to produce validated decisions relied mostly on static learning and analytics techniques....
Continuous sensing of health metrics might generate a massive amount of data. Generating clinically validated recommendations, out of these data, to patients under monitoring is of prime importance to protect them from risk of falling into severe health degradation. Physicians also can be supported with automated recommendations that gain from historical data and increasing learning cycles. In this...
Noninvasive assessment of baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) facilitates clinical investigation of autonomic function. The spontaneous sequence method estimates BRS using the continuous measurement of arterial pressure in the finger. Since the baroreceptors are centrally located (aortic arch, carotid arteries), this study assessed the use of a continuous aortic pressure signal derived from the peripheral...
Field stimulation of the carotid baroreceptors has been successfully used to induce a long-term reduction in blood pressure. However, baroreceptor stimulation may interfere with or compromise the beneficial short-term blood pressure regulation function of the baroreceptors. This study aims to quantify the baroreceptor function before and during acute, unilateral field stimulation of the carotid baroreceptors...
Neurally medicated syncope (NMS) patients suffer from sudden loss of consciousness, which is associated with a high rate of falls and hospitalization. NMS negatively impacts a subject's quality of life and is a growing cost issue for the healthcare systems in particular since mainly elderly are at risk of NMS in our aging societies. In the present paper we present an algorithm for prediction of NMS,...
In this study, a framework able to classify online different levels of mental workload induced during a simulated flight by using the combination of the Electroencephalogram (EEG) and the Heart Rate (HR) biosignals has been proposed. Ten healthy subjects were involved in the experimental protocol, performing the NASA — Multi Attribute Task Battery (MATB) over three different difficulty levels in order...
The aim of this work was to analyze the possibility to apply a neuroelectrical cognitive metrics for the evaluation of the training level of subjects during the learning of a task employed by Air Traffic Controllers (ATCos). In particular, the Electroencephalogram (EEG), the Electrocardiogram (ECG) and the Electrooculogram (EOG) signals were gathered from a group of students during the execution of...
Photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals acquired by smartphone cameras are weaker than those acquired by dedicated pulse oximeters. Furthermore, the signals have lower sampling rates, have notches in the waveform and are more severely affected by baseline drift, leading to specific morphological characteristics. This paper introduces a new feature, the inverted triangular area, to address these specific...
Heart rate (HR) sensing during exercise is essential for medical, healthcare and sport physiological purposes. Photo-Plethysmo-Graphy (PPG) is a simple and non-invasive technique for HR sensing, but it is highly sensitive to motion artifact. This paper proposes a cancellation technique of motion artifact in PPG-based HR sensing for a man during exercise. The canceller is equipped with two sensors;...
Identifying the need for interventions during hemorrhage is complicated due to physiological compensation mechanisms that can stabilize vital signs until a significant amount of blood loss. Physiological systems providing compensation during hemorrhage affect the arterial blood pressure waveform through changes in dynamics and waveform morphology. We investigated the use of Markov chain analysis of...
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