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This paper introduces a multi-loop fast transient response flipped voltage follower (FVF) low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator suitable for system-on-chip (SOC) applications. While typical FVF-based LDOs exhibit fast transient response, which is critical for SOC applications, their output DC accuracy is limited due to low loop gain of the FVF. In this work, we introduce a multi-loop design aimed at...
The flipped voltage follower (FVF), a variant of the common-drain transistor amplifier, comprising local feedback, finds application in circuits such as voltage buffers, current mirrors, class AB amplifiers, frequency compensation circuits and low dropout voltage regulators (LDOs). One of the most important characteristics of the FVF, is its low output impedance. In this tutorial-flavored paper, we...
In this paper, we present a multi-string LED driver which is capable of driving five parallel LED strings with two series LEDs in each string. The current in the LED strings is regulated using a boost converter with a hysteretic control loop. Accurate current matching is achieved using a regulated cascode current mirror architecture. The loser-take-all circuit enables dynamic cancellation of LED forward...
A new headphone driver IC based on a switching output stage in continuous conduction mode is described. The driver uses a sliding-mode peak-valley control scheme to regulate the inductor current. The output stage is switched between the battery voltage and the output of an integrated non-regulated inverting charge pump, and a second-order loop filter is used to regulate the output voltage. The system...
This paper proposes a lag-lead Active Voltage Positioning (AVP) technique that can be used in buck converters to minimize their output voltage transients during dynamic events, such as load pulses. The proposed technique is based on optimizing the output impedance of the converter across a wide range of frequencies, and therefore, output voltage transients in response to both narrow and wide load...
The audio-susceptibility of the average current-mode controlled buck dc-dc converter in continuous-conduction mode is presented in this paper. The average current-mode control scheme used in this paper regulates the true average component of the sensed inductor current and is not affected by a high inductor current ripple at low duty ratios. The principle of negative feedback for converters with the...
A Li-ion battery charger with dual input source capability and high efficiency is proposed in this work. An internal source determination circuit could choose the sufficient energy source for charging system. Also, a new approach of smooth transition to avoid oscillation between charging mode switching is used through current-mode-like smooth transition circuit. Pulse frequency modulation with adaptive...
The future naval surface combatant will be an all-electric medium-voltage dc integrated power and energy system; capable of supporting future dynamic loads, such as electric weapons and sensors. This system will be different from typical terrestrial distribution systems in that current carrying conductors are in close proximity to the conductive ship hull structure, and there is no well-defined ‘earth’...
Substrate computing refers to a paradigm where sensing, computing, communications, energy scavenging and energy storage functions are seamlessly integrated within a substrate. The substrate could be a part of an aircraft wing or a chassis of the car and the computing, communications and energy scavenging functions could be implemented using self-powered devices embedded inside the substrate. In this...
This paper proposes a novel architecture for purely voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) based continuous-time (CT) second-order ΔΣ analog-to-digital converter (ADC) without using bulky, passive components. The proposed technique does not require any VCO nonlinearity calibration and is robust against excess loop delay and static and dynamic errors in the multi-element digital-to-analog converter (DAC)...
The advancing trend to autonomous driving tightens the requirements for automotive microcontrollers with embedded flash memories. High reliability and low latency demands however have prevented the broad usage of multilevel-cell flash in this sector so far. This paper describes a robust time-domain voltage sensing scheme tackling the challenges arising from these tight conditions. A dynamic voltage...
A hybrid voltage-mode hysteretic boost converter is introduced in this work. The implemented control topology is practically self-stabilized due to the introduction of a current-limiting loop. A full range inductor current sensor and a hysteretic comparator are used to realize the current-limiting loop. A zero current detector is also implemented to enable a seamless transition from continuous to...
Low-dropout voltage regulators (LDOs) have been extensively used on-chip to supply voltage for various circuit blocks. Digital LDOs (DLDO) have recently attracted circuit designers for their low voltage operating capability and load current scalability. Existing DLDO techniques suffer from either poor transient performance due to slow digital control loop or poor DC load regulation due to low loop...
Piezoelectric harvesters have been subject to a growing interest in recent years as they can provide a clean source of energy. To extract the power from the harvester, power conditioning circuits are required. In this article, a circuit is proposed to meet the requirements of relatively high efficiency, low voltage operation, good load regulation and sufficient DC output voltage. A combined cross-coupled...
In this paper, a programmable precise time delay generator suitable for a beam forming impulse ground penetrating radar (GPR) is presented. The design is based on a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit that is implemented utilizing Global Foundries 7HV 0.18μm CMOS process. The precise time control realizes the true time delay, which allows for developing an ultrawide band (UWB) phased array GPR system...
A CMOS synapse design is presented which can perform tunable asymmetric spike timing-dependent learning in asynchronous spiking neural networks. The overall design consists of three primary subcircuit blocks, and the operation of each is described. Pair-based Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) of the entire synapse is then demonstrated through simulation using the Cadence Virtuoso platform....
The future all-electric warship is expected to utilize medium-voltage DC (MVDC) main distribution to supply several load zones. The load zones will convert the MVDC power to lower voltage for use by local loads as well as contain local energy storage for casualty back-up power. A majority, if not totality, of loads are expected to exhibit constant-power load (CPL) behavior. While many papers have...
The proposed circuit aims to harvest energy from freight railcars, in which a three-phase electromagnetic generator (EMG) is used to harvest kinetic energy. The key idea of the proposed circuit is to extract maximum power from the EMG through impedance matching until the charge level of the battery reaches 90%. Once, the battery reaches the charge level, it switches the operation mode and regulates...
A 40V tolerant current limited voltage source for a wide input current range is presented. Integrated current limited voltage sources are needed for diagnosis purposes in automotive applications like airbag squib drivers that deploy airbags. The topology proposed here overcomes the conventional on chip Zener based topology that is sensitive to process variations and provides reliable operation in...
Numerator of the voltage gain transfer functions is directly derived with Trajectance analysis in this paper. Denominator of the voltage gain transfer functions is directly calculated by Suspendance analysis that was explained in prior publications. The voltage gain numerator is obtained by i) identifying all paths that connect the input node to output node of the circuit through sequential passive...
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