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Histotripsy uses high-pressure, microsecond-length pulses to generate cavitation microbubbles to fractionate targeted tissue. After the collapse of a cavitation cloud, remnant microbubbles can persist for a second or longer before passively dissolving. These bubbles can act as seed nuclei for subsequent cavitation events reducing treatment efficiency because the nuclei are not well distributed through...
Histotripsy is considered a non-invasive therapeutic modality capable of mechanically fractionating tissue using cavitation bubbles induced by high intensity focused ultrasound pulses. Histotripsy-induced cavitation region over relatively large focal volume is effective in treating sizable lesion, while compromising its treatment precision. We demonstrate high-precision cavitation treatment using...
About 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer. Histological tumor grade and biological markers such as oestrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are prognostic indicators for the clinical response to medical treatment and patient prognosis. Breast ultrasound (US) is mainly used to diagnose breast cancer or guide breast biopsies. However,...
The primary aim of this work was to develop and study the potential of Capacitive Micro-machined Ultrasound Transducers (CMUTs) for dual-mode ultrasound therapy and imaging. This was investigated in the context of Ultrasound-guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (USgHIFU) designed for endocavitary HIFU tissue ablation of the prostate gland. The hypothesis is that this CMUT design could offer potential...
Lateral resolution and therefore image quality in ultrasound is tied to aperture size. While this relationship is understood in ideal imaging conditions, the utility of a large aperture in the presence of clutter is unknown. This problem is particularly relevant to abdominal imaging where thick tissue layers and deep targets create a challenging imaging environment. Previous studies have focused on...
Bulk thermal ablation, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as well as microwave and ultrasound (US) ablation, is an important approach to tumor treatment. To avoid incomplete treatments and cancer recurrence while reducing morbidity, a real-time monitoring and control approach, capable of providing consistent thermal ablation in minimum time, is needed. Echo decorrelation imaging has been successfully...
Changes in microvascular structure and flow is of clinical importance in the study of a number of disease processes such as cancer and diabetes. Ultrasound is often the primary imaging procedure performed to determine appropriate treatment or surgery for testicular lesions. Currently, however, differentiation and diagnosis of both benign and malignant testicular tumours such as seminomas, leydig cell...
The quantitative ultrasound (QUS) imaging provides additional information on tissue properties in comparison to standard ultrasonography. In this paper we use the Nakagami imaging to address the problem of breast lesion classification. Images of breast lesions may contain areas with calcifications or/and necrosis. These areas are visible on Nakagami maps and their presence make the classification...
Early detection and diagnosis of high-risk vulnerable plaques can reduce the death rate attributable to atherosclerosis. Many attempts to identify plaques have focused on in vivo imaging techniques. Animal models with foregone plaque sites will be valuable to evaluate the validity of the imaging methods. However, in traditional balloon injury models, the sites and size of generated plaques are uncertain...
Kidney cancer is a severe disease which can be treated by using a non-invasive, controllable and focused ultrasound surgery method-histotripsy. Previously, histotripsy produced by hundred-microsecond-long focused ultrasound pulses has been proposed by us, which generates mechanical homogenized lesion by employing boiling bubbles and high duty cycle compared with conventional methods. However, the...
It is highly desirable to monitor microwave ablation (MWA) treatments noninvasively for substantially improving the clinical implementation of MWA procedures and progress toward full clinical uses worldwide. This in vivo study explored the feasibility of using ultrasonic Nakagami imaging to evaluate the thermal lesions in liver and kidney in a porcine model for the purpose of monitoring MWA.
Thermal ablation provides local control of cancer; however, pairing ablation with immunotherapy is attractive as there is emerging evidence that focal therapy enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy. The goals of local treatment are to rapidly debulk the tumor and release tumor antigen to stimulate immune recognition. We seek to evaluate combination protocols and their tumor suppressive effects.
Atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia are currently treated with catheter ablation using radiofrequency or cryoenergy. These endocardiac approaches are invasive and not fully satisfactory as the treatments are often incomplete and can be associated with side effects. HIFU were proposed as an alternative strategy, by using the excellent acoustic window between heart and esophagus. The present...
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and the most frequent type of cancer among women (25 % of all cancers). This study used contrast-enhanced 3D subharmonic imaging (SHI) to produce quantitative parametric maps for characterization of breast lesions.
B-mode imaging for the guidance and monitoring of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment mostly relies on the appearance of a hyperechoic region. The hyperechoic region integrates the information from both thermal lesions and cavitation bubbles, making it difficult to visualize thermal lesion formation. In this paper, an approach of ultrasound imaging based on wavelet transform (UIWT)...
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice, with increasing incidence globally. RF ablation is a common treatment for AF, attempting to interrupt aberrant electrical patterns. The success rate of this procedure is suboptimal (∼60%), with a substantial amount of patients needing reintervention [1]. Providing the surgeon with real time feedback on lesion...
The last 20 years have seen the development of fetal surgery, particularly for the treatment of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Although fetoscopy increases survival rate, it is also invasive and responsible for fetal and maternal complications affecting the neonatal outcome. A completely non-invasive treatment that could occlude deep anastomoses would prevent the risks of invasive fetoscopy...
Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is critically needed to improve patient survival. Ultrasound is the first-line technology to screen patients at increased risk but has low sensitivity and specify in particular in hepatic cirrhosis. Quantitative ultrasound spectroscopy (QUS) is a promising tool that may increase diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound by enabling quantitative assessment...
Esophageal cancer is an aggressive disease with poor survival rate in surgery or chemoradiation therapy. Early diagnosis of the space occupying lesion in esophagus are crucial for the prevention of the esophageal carcinoma. Comparing with the present clinical methods, such as Chest X-ray (with Barium swallow) and Esophagoscopy, Shear Wave Elasticity Imaging (SWEI) which take advantage of quantitative...
The use of shock waves for enhancing thermal effects and mechanically ablating tissue is gaining increased attention in high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapies for applications such as tumor treatment, drug delivery, and immunotherapy. For abdominal targets, the presence of ribs and inhomogeneous adipose tissue can affect shock formation through aberration, absorption, and diffraction....
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