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Traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) often leads to debilitating neurological disabilities that in addition to the loss of sensory and motor capabilities, also includes other issues with the bladder, heart and respiration. Overall, tSCI results in a drastic decrease in the quality of life. Traumatic spinal cord injury causes an almost complete loss of blood flow at the site of injury (primary injury)...
Radiotherapy (RT) is a possible treatment modality for prostate cancer patients. The aim of RT is to irradiate tumor tissue, while sparing normal tissue as much as possible. Prior to treatment delivery, a CT scan is usually acquired, on which a treatment plan is prepared. Subsequently, the radiation dose is delivered to the patient in multiple fractions. The patients' setup prior to each of these...
Needle guidance using B-mode ultrasound is performed to visualize both anatomical structures and the needle position in clinical applications such as tissue biopsy and drug delivery. However, the transducer-needle orientation is limited due to reflection of the acoustic waves. Last year, we proposed a method to exploit the use of leaky acoustic waves for needle visualization. The method uses laser...
Arterial stiffness is a strong indicator of atherosclerosis, and can be evaluated by computing the arterial strain in the carotid artery using ultrasound elastography. Researchers have used axial strain to visualize the radial motion in the longitudinal plane of the carotid artery. However, axial strains can be influenced by the geometry of the vessel (Fig. 1 a, b), and thus could limit the scope...
Myocardial fibrosis is recognized as a physio-pathologic substrate of main cardiovascular syndromes such as myocardial infraction or heart failure. Knowing that fibrosis leads to increased myocardial stiffness, elastography techniques, such as shear wave imaging, has been showed to detect for the detection Fibrotic Tissue (FT) (Liver, arteries, …). However, its application on the heart still remain...
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice, with increasing incidence globally. RF ablation is a common treatment for AF, attempting to interrupt aberrant electrical patterns. The success rate of this procedure is suboptimal (∼60%), with a substantial amount of patients needing reintervention [1]. Providing the surgeon with real time feedback on lesion...
A spatial resolution of photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has been limited by the receive frequency significantly lower than that of photoacoustic microscopy. In the present study, an in vivo microcirculation is visualized by a PAT system by using a newly developed spherical array transducer with a center frequency of 10 MHz. Additionally, we propose a novel reconstruction method suppressing the side...
Malignant tumors appear to own the ability to recruit normal tissue cells that contribute to the tumorigenesis process by creating the “tumor microenvironment”. MMPs, is one of the most significant family of proteinases that are related to tumor microenvironment. Recent understanding of MMPs has recognized its role as modulators in tumor microenvironment; however, the current strategies for in vivo...
More and more researches are exploring the neurostimulation effect of ultrasound (US) on the central nervous system (e.g. brain and retina) and the peripheral nervous system (such as skin). US stimulation has been regarded as a new noninvasive neurostimulation approach by many researchers. Our previous studies had shown that the temporal response patterns of RGCs could be stimulated by US in vitro...
Traditional B-Scan images show the envelope of received echoes as a grey scale image. The echoes are produced from specular reflections and scattering sites where changes in acoustic impedance occur (Cobbold, Foundations of Biomedical Ultrasound, Oxford Press, 2007). A long-standing area of interest concerns the frequency dependence of scatterers within different tissues, organs, and the blood.
Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) is a process when a droplet is converted into a gaseous bubble under ultrasound (US) stimulation. Our previous study has shown that the mechanical force generated by ADV can release drugs and disrupt vessels. It would result in the streaming intact droplets leaking into tissue. In addition, the intact droplets may occur ADV process by subsequent US stimulation....
Recently, a new functional neuroimaging method called fUS was proposed, which is based on high-frame-rate Power Doppler imaging. So far, fUS has only been performed on rodents, but major issues in neuroscience such as cerebral asymmetries and language learning are mainly studied in birds. Here, we show the first successful fUS measurements on a non-mammalian species without cortical brain architecture,...
Functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging of the brain is a novel technique for in vivo neuroimaging which can acquire and map the cerebral blood volume (CBV) with a very high sensitivity. While fUS has demonstrated its ability to map cerebral activity through CBV subtle changes due to neurovascular coupling, [1], its temporal resolution has yet to be fully exploited. On the other hand, recent neuroscience...
Recent studies have shown the ability of concurrent spatial-temporal processing methods such as singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering in visualization of the small vessels without using any type of contrast agents. The vessel images resulting from SVD filtering suffer from local and global residual background that limit the visibility of the entire vessel networks within a fixed dynamic range...
Poor quality ultrasound images and inadequate or suboptimal visualization of imaging targets is a common problem in individuals that are overweight or obese. The overweight and obese population in the United States has reached staggering proportions, with nearly 2 out of every 3 individuals overweight or obese. Despite advances in ultrasound imaging technology, techniques for these difficult-to-image...
We have studied a non-contact nondestructive acoustic inspection method using a long range acoustic device (LRAD) and a laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) to detect internal defects of concrete. Specimens or actual concrete structures have been measured from 5 m or more. Internal defects were detected and can be visualized. In order to detect internal defects of real concrete structures, quantitative...
Microbubbles as an ultrasound contrast agent have great diagnostic value, and can be used to visualize the vascularization in a variety of organs, e.g. imaging the neo-angiogenesis in tumors. Pulse inversion (PI) is a common method for detection of these bubbles, implemented in many ultrasound scanners. A dual band imaging technique named SURF has shown the ability to further enhance contrast-to-tissue...
Ultrasound-guided needle operation is often performed during tissue biopsy and drug delivery. One main problem is that the angle between the transducer and the needle is limited due to the reflection of the ultrasound waves. A method based on leaky acoustic waves was proposed. With this method, laser pulses are emitted at the top of the needle to generate acoustic waves. These acoustic waves propagate...
Microbubble based contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) enables the visualization of vascularity given the tendency of microbubbles to function as a blood pooling agent. Using contrast specific ultrasound (US) imaging, it is possible to quantify the kinetics of these agents and derive various perfusion metrics. In this ongoing clinical study, we evaluate the feasibility of using these microbubble based...
Radiotherapy aims at irradiating tumor tissue, while sparing normal tissue as much as possible and it is a suitable treatment option for prostate cancer. A crucial aspect of the radiotherapy workflow is patient positioning. It has been shown that frequent imaging during the course of the treatment (image guided radiotherapy) can improve this positioning accuracy. Despite the many advantages of ultrasound...
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