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Main conclusionBoth male and female gametes of archegoniates are highly specialized cells surrounded by an extraprotoplasmic matrix rich in AGPs, which are speculated to facilitate development and gamete fusion through Ca2+ oscillations. An additional layer, the egg envelope, forms around the egg periphery, except at the fertilization pore, and contains arabinose-rich polymers that presumably impart flexibility for the rapidly growing zygote and embryo. The abundant AGPs and arabinan pectins associated with the eggs of ...
Main conclusionThe drought-stimulated gene expression ofNCED, SUS,andKS-DHNand ABA signal cross-talk with other phytohormones maintains barley root growth under drought stress at pH 4.0 plus polyethylene glycol plus aluminum. ...
Main conclusionDuring on-tree ripening, the pectin distribution changed from polydispersed in cell wall to cumulated in cell wall corners. During apple storage, the pectin distribution returned to evenly dispersed along the cell wall. The plant cell wall influences the texture properties of fruit tissue for example apples become softer...
Main conclusionConsistent with its essential role in starch biosynthesis at low temperatures, the plastidial starch phosphorylase from rice endosperm is highly active at low temperature. Moreover, contrary to results on other higher plant phosphorylases, the L80 peptide, a domain unique to plant phosphorylases and not present in orthologous phosphorylases from other organisms, is not involved in enzyme catalysis....
Main conclusionInsertion of the gene encoding phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) has resulted in cotton plants resistant to the herbicide glufosinate. However, the lower expression and commensurate reduction in PAT activity is a key factor in the low level of injury observed in theWideStrike®cotton and relatively high level of resistance observed in LibertyLink...
Main conclusionRecent investigations have provided important new insights into the structures and functions of the extrinsic proteins of Photosystem II. This review is an update of the last major review on the extrinsic proteins of Photosystem II (Bricker et al., Biochemistry 31:4623–4628 2012). In this report, we will examine advances in our understanding of the structure...
Main conclusionElicitation ofE. grandisplants withStreptomycesPM9 reduced the gray-mold disease, through increasing the levels of enzymes directly related to the induction of plant defense responses, and accumulation of specific phenolic compounds. Members of...
Main conclusionThe stilbene synthase gene VqSTS6, from Chinese wild typeVitis quinquangularisaccession Danfeng-2, increases the resveratrol content and pathogen resistance of transgenic plants ofV. viniferaThompson Seedless. This study successfully created transgenic...
Main conclusionA novel terpene synthase (Tps) gene isolated fromCamellia brevistylawas identified as hedycaryol synthase, which was shown to be expressed specifically in flowers. Camellia plants are very popular because they bloom in winter when other plants...
Main conclusionLeaf initiation rate is largely determined by the apical bud temperature even when apical bud temperature largely deviates from the temperature of other plant organs. We have long known that the rate of leaf initiation (LIR) is highly sensitive to temperature, but previous studies in dicots have not rigorously demonstrated that apical...
Main conclusionPlant acylcarnitines are present during anabolic processes of lipid metabolism. Their low contents relatively to the corresponding acyl-CoAs suggest that they are associated to specific pools of activated fatty acids. The non-proteinaceous amino acid carnitine exists in plants either as a free form or esterified to fatty acids. To...
Main conclusionSustainable resource preservation ofSantalumspecies that yield commercially important forest products is needed. This review provides an understanding of their basic biology, propagation, hemi-parasitic nature, reproductive biology, and biotechnology. Many species of the genus Santalum (Santalaceae)...
Main conclusionEndophytes reside in different parts of the poppy plant and perform the tissue-specific functions. Most leaf endophytes modulate photosynthetic efficiency, plant growth, and productivity while capsule endophytes modulate alkaloid biosynthesis. Endophytes promote plant growth, provide protection from environmental stresses and are the...
Main conclusionSCARECROW controls Arabidopsis root meristem size from the root endodermis tissue by regulating the DELLA protein RGA that in turn mediates the regulation ofARR1levels at the transition zone. Coherent organ growth requires a fine balance between cell division and cell differentiation. Intriguingly, plants...
Main conclusionThe work demonstrates a relationship between the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite, agatharesinol, and cytological changes that occur in ray parenchyma during cell death in sapwood sticks ofCryptomeria japonicaunder humidity-regulated conditions. To characterize the death of ray parenchyma...
Main ConclusionThe latex fromThevetia peruvianais rich in plant defense proteins, including a 120kDa cysteine peptidase with structural characteristics similar to germin-like proteins. More than 20,000 plant species produce latex, including Apocynaceae, Sapotaceae, Papaveraceae and Euphorbiaceae. To better...
Main conclusionTwoTFL1-like genes,CorfloTFL1andCorcanTFL1cloned fromCornus floridaandC. canadensis,function in regulating the transition to reproductive development in...
Main conclusionOsPGIP4overexpression enhances resistance to bacterial leaf streak in rice. Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins are thought to play important roles in the innate immunity of rice against fungi. Here, we show that the chromosomal location of OsPGIP4 coincides with the major bacterial leaf streak resistance quantitative...
Main conclusionOverexpression of chalcone-3-hydroxylase provokes increased accumulation of 3-hydroxyphloridzin inMalus. Decreased flavonoid concentrations but unchanged flavonoid class composition were observed. The increased 3-hydroxyphlorizin contents correlate well with reduced susceptibility to fire blight and scab. ...
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