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Background and aims
High‐risk alcohol consumption is associated with compromised health. This study aimed to compare the incidence of alcohol‐related cancers, diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and mortality between those with and without an indication of alcohol use disorder (AUD).
Design
Retrospective, population‐based, matched cohort study using data from the Manitoba Population Research...
Background and aims
Incarceration produces a specific public health threat for drug overdose, and correctional settings do not offer medication for opioid use disorder. This study examined the overall impact of jail incarceration on overdose, the specific hazard for those booked on a syringe‐related charge and the proportion of all overdose decedents in the community who were in the jail prior to...
Background and aim
No large‐scale, longitudinal clinical study has examined whether patients with different types of eating disorders (ED) have an increased risk of a subsequent alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study aimed to assess the ongoing risk of receiving a diagnosis of AUD following a first‐time diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or unspecified ED (USED).
Design
Retrospective...
Aim
To test the association of alcohol consumption with total and cause‐specific mortality risk.
Design
Prospective observational multi‐centre population‐based study.
Setting
Sixteen cohorts (15 from Europe) in the MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) Project.
Participants
A total of 142 960 individuals (mean age 50 ± 13 years, 53.9% men).
Measurements
Average alcohol intake...
Background and Aims
In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed to reduce nicotine in cigarettes to minimally or non‐addictive levels. This study qualitatively explored perceptions of nicotine and addiction, both independently and in response to messages communicating about nicotine reduction.
Design
Qualitative study using focus groups. Participants described their perceptions...
Background and aims
Pharmacy administration and dispensing of methadone for methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) can expand treatment access for opioid use disorder (OUD). This study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of a novel model permitting an opioid treatment program (OTP) physician to prescribe methadone for OUD treatment through collaboration with a partnered pharmacy.
Design...
Opioid use disorder (OUD) has gained increasing publicity and interest during recent years, with many countries describing problems of epidemic proportions with regard to opioid use and deaths related to opioids. While opioids are not themselves acutely neurotoxic, the chronic relapsing and remitting nature of this disorder means that individuals are often exposed to exogenous opioids for lengthy...
Background and aims
Although poor decision‐making (DM) has been correlated with problematic cannabis use (CU), cross‐sectional designs make it difficult to determine whether poor DM represents an antecedent and/or consequence of CU. The current study measured bidirectional associations between CU and DM among adolescents over 2 years and compared these findings to those observed with episodic memory,...
Background and aims
Opioid agonist treatment is effective but resource intensive to administer safely in custodial settings, leading to significant under‐treatment of opioid dependence in these settings world‐wide. This study assessed the safety of subcutaneous slow‐release depot buprenorphine in custody.
Design
Open‐label, non‐randomized trial.
Setting
Correctional centres in New South Wales,...
Background and Aims
Cannabis use is increasing among women of reproductive age, warranting a greater understanding of the impact of prenatal cannabis use on offspring developmental outcomes. We tested for a potential relationship between prenatal cannabis use disorders (CUD) and offspring educational outcomes across primary and secondary school.
Design
Data were drawn from the New South Wales (NSW)...
Aim
To investigate predictors of participant eligibility, recruitment and retention in behavioural randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for smoking cessation.
Method
Systematic review and pre‐specified meta‐regression analysis of behavioural RCTs for smoking cessation including adult (≥ 18‐year‐old) smokers. The pre‐specified predictors were identified through a literature review and experts’ consultation...
Aims
The aims of this study were to (1) estimate the effect of extended‐release naltrexone compared with placebo on alcohol consumption in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and (2) conduct pre‐planned subgroup analyses to test whether being abstinent when initiating treatment (lead‐in abstinence) or the duration of treatment improves treatment efficacy.
Design
Systematic review and random‐effects...
Background and aims
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment is essential for eliminating HCV in people who inject drugs (PWID), but has limited coverage in resource‐limited settings. We measured the cost‐effectiveness of a pilot HCV screening and treatment intervention using directly observed therapy among PWID attending harm reduction services in Nairobi, Kenya.
Design
We utilized an existing model...
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