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Background and aims
Many nations have provisions for involuntary treatment of alcohol dependence where the person is at serious risk of harm to themselves. To date, there has been little thorough evaluation of its effectiveness. This study aimed to determine if there were differences between involuntary and voluntary treatment for alcohol dependence on subsequent emergency and hospital care.
Design...
Aim
To investigate the real‐world effectiveness of pharmacological treatments (buprenorphine, methadone) of opioid use disorder (OUD).
Design
A nation‐wide, register‐based cohort study.
Setting
Sweden.
Participants
All residents aged 16–64 years living in Sweden using OUD medication from July 2005 to December 2016 (n = 5757, 71.8% men) were identified from registers of prescriptions, inpatient...
Aims
To examine the association of alcohol consumption patterns with growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) in older drinkers, separately among individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD)/diabetes and those without them, as GDF‐15 is a strong biomarker of chronic disease burden.
Design
Cross‐sectional study.
Setting
Population‐based study in Madrid (Spain).
Participants
A total of 2051...
Aims
To examine how weekly rates of emergency department (ED) visits for drug overdoses changed among individuals with a recent history of homelessness (IRHH) and their housed counterparts during the pre‐pandemic, peak, and re‐opening periods of the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic, using corresponding weeks in 2019 as a historical control.
Design
Population‐based retrospective cohort study...
Background and Aims
To prevent COVID‐19 transmission, some United States (US) federal regulations on substance use disorder (SUD) treatment were suspended in March 2020. This study aimed to quantify the extent of state‐level policy uptake and the potential number of people with SUD affected by these policy changes across the US, as well as to assess if policy uptake correlated with rates of people...
Aims
To measure the prospective relationship between smoking trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood and mental health in later adulthood and test whether this relationship was mediated by concurrent co‐use of alcohol and marijuana.
Design
Longitudinal study using data drawn from rounds 1 to 18 of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), a nationally representative cohort...
The use of tobacco during pregnancy is the leading preventable cause of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. In high‐income countries, around one in 10 pregnant women smokes tobacco, while smokeless tobacco is the primary form of tobacco used in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Although the risk of tobacco‐related harms can be reduced substantially if mothers cease smoking in...
Aim
To examine prevalence of mental health conditions and receipt of mental health care (MHC) by illicit lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use status (past‐year; lifetime without‐past‐year; never) among young adults.
Design
Cross‐sectional, annual survey data from 2015 to 2019 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).
Setting
United States.
Participants
A total of 69 916 NSDUH participants...
Aim
To test (1) if there was a change in self‐reported lifetime prevalence of meth/amphetamine use by birth cohort and (2) if the extent of under‐reporting of meth/amphetamine use was associated with the proportion of the population who nominated meth/amphetamine as a drug problem.
Design
Observational study using seven waves of repeated cross‐sectional nationally representative household surveys...
Background and Aims
Homelessness is one of the most significant harms associated with gambling and appears to affect older adults disproportionately, but the relationship has received little research attention. This exploratory study investigated how gambling and homelessness is linked in older adults.
Methods
Using qualitative research methods, we undertook in‐depth semi structured face‐to‐face...
Aims
To summarize evidence on tobacco addiction interventions published by the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group (CTAG) from 2019 to 2020.
Methods
Narrative summary of all new and updated Cochrane Reviews published by CTAG in 2019 and 2020, outlining key results and promising avenues for future research.
Results
CTAG published six new reviews and updated 15 reviews. There is high‐certainty evidence...
Background and Aims
Screening and brief interventions (SBI) in primary health‐care practices (PHCP) are effective in reducing reported alcohol consumption, but have not been routinely implemented. Most programs seeking to improve implementation rates have lacked a theoretical rationale. This study aimed to test whether a theory‐based intervention for PHCPs could significantly increase alcohol SBI...
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