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Background and Aims
Tobacco consumption and its associated adverse outcomes remain major public health issues, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This systematic review aimed to identify and critically assess full economic evaluations for tobacco control interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Methods
Electronic databases, including EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO and the...
Aim
To measure whether the prevalence of use and real‐world effectiveness of different smoking cessation aids has changed in England since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.
Design
Representative monthly cross‐sectional surveys, January 2015–June 2021.
Setting
England.
Participants
A total of 7300 adults (≥18 y) who had smoked within the previous 12 months and had made ≥1 quit...
Aims
To identify subpopulations of dual users of combustible and electronic cigarettes using current smoking and vaping behaviors.
Design
Secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial testing a smoking cessation intervention for dual users. Finite mixture modeling of frequency, quantity, and dependence on combustible and electronic cigarettes was used to identify classes...
Background and aims
Survey questions on usual quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption are regularly used in screening tools to identify drinkers requiring intervention. The aim of this study was to measure age‐based differences in quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and how this relates to the prediction of harmful or dependent...
Background and Aims
Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are shown to reduce opioid use and the risk of overdose. People with opioid use disorder (OUD) who exit inpatient medically managed withdrawal programs (detox) without initiating MOUD and linking to outpatient care have high rates of overdose. While detox encounters provide a theoretical opportunity for MOUD initiation, this is not ubiquitous...
Background and aims
In the United States, until 2018 both the prevalence of heavy alcohol use and the suicide mortality rate increased among men and women; however, women had experienced a notably higher increase in both. As heavy alcohol use may have contributed to the observed sex disparity in the suicide mortality rate increase, the aim of the current study was to estimate the temporal trend of...
Background and Aim
There is no gold‐standard and considerable heterogeneity in outcome measures used to evaluate treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) along the opioid treatment cascade. The aim of this study was to develop the US National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) opioid use disorder core outcomes set (OUD–COS).
Design
Four‐round,...
Background and Aims
Individuals impacted by someone else’s alcohol, illicit drug, gambling and gaming problems (affected others) experience extensive harms. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions delivered to affected others across addictions.
Methods
This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items...
Background and aims
Genomic and transcriptomic findings greatly broaden the biological knowledge regarding substance use. However, systematic convergence and comparison evidence of genome‐wide findings is lacking for substance use. Here, we combined all the genome‐wide findings from both substance use behavior and disorder (SUBD) and identified common and distinguishing genetic factors for different...
Background and aims
Mortality and drug treatment data suggest that the median age of people who inject drugs is increasing. We aimed to describe changes in the characteristics of people injecting drugs in the United Kingdom (UK).
Design
Repeat cross‐sectional surveys and modelling.
Setting
Low‐threshold services in the United Kingdom such as needle and syringe programmes.
Participants
A total...
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