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Background and aims
Fentanyl is primarily responsible for the current phase of the overdose epidemic in North America. Despite the benefits of treatment with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), there are limited data on the association between fentanyl, MOUD type and treatment engagement. The objectives of this analysis were to measure the impact of baseline fentanyl exposure on initiation...
Background and Aims
In Finland, per‐capita alcohol consumption increased in the early 2000s and decreased after 2007. Our aim was to determine how these changes originated from changes in drinking practices.
Design
Repeated cross‐sectional general‐population surveys.
Setting
Finland in 2000, 2008 and 2016.
Participants
Finnish residents aged 15–69 years (n = 6703, response rate 59–78%).
Measurements...
Background and aim
The prevalence of tobacco smoking has declined in most high‐income countries, while cannabis use has been rising. Moreover, cannabis use has been found to have increased among cigarette smokers in recent years in jurisdictions where it has been either decriminalized or legalized. This study measured trends in cannabis, tobacco and the co‐use of cannabis and tobacco in Australia...
Background and aims
Synthetic opioids, mostly illegally manufactured fentanyl (IMF), were mentioned in 60% of United States (US) drug overdose deaths in 2020, with dramatic variation across states that mirrors variation in IMF supply. However, little is known about IMF markets in the United States and how they are changing. Researchers have previously used data from undercover cocaine, heroin, and...
Aim
To estimate the number of treatment initiations, averted fatal opioid overdoses and the cost‐effectiveness associated with offering buprenorphine–naloxone (buprenorphine) treatment on‐site within existing syringe service programs (SSPs) in Massachusetts, USA.
Design, Setting and Participants
This was a cohort‐based mathematical model and cost‐effectiveness analysis. We derived model inputs...
Background and Aims
There have been few head‐to‐head clinical trials of pharmacotherapies for alcohol withdrawal (AW). We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the comparative performance of pharmacotherapies for AW.
Methods
Six databases were searched for randomized clinical trials through November 2021. Trials were included after a blinded review by two independent reviewers. Outcomes included incident...
Background and aims
Retail alcohol outlets appear to open in neighborhoods with low land and structure rents near sources of demand; they may ‘agglomerate’, open near to one another or ‘churn’, replace one another, over time. We used the turnover in numbers of outlets over time to measure agglomeration and churning and the impacts of openings and closings of outlets on neighborhood crime.
Design...
Background and Aims
Existing research on mental health comorbidities of youth e‐cigarette use is subject to confounding bias and reverse causality. This study aimed to measure the effects of e‐cigarette use on youth mental health, using e‐cigarette minimum legal age (MLA) law in Canada as a natural experiment.
Design
We used difference‐in‐differences (DD), difference‐in‐differences‐in‐differences...
Background and aims
Family history of substance use disorder (SUD) affects a child's risk of the disorder through both genetic and shared environmental factors. We aimed to estimate the association between parental or older sibling SUD history with the risk of adolescent SUD diagnosis.
Design, setting and participants
We conducted a population‐based cohort study using administrative health‐care...
Background and aims
Several studies have indicated an association between maternal prenatal substance use and offspring externalizing disorders; however, it is uncertain whether this relationship is causal. We conducted a systematic review to determine: (1) if the literature supports a causal role of maternal prenatal substance use on offspring externalizing disorders diagnosis and (2) whether these...
Background and aim
Parental substance use is a major public health and safeguarding concern. There have been a number of trials examining interventions targeting this risk factor. We aimed to estimate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions at reducing parental substance use.
Design
We used systematic methods to identify trials; pooling data using a random‐effects model. Moderator analyses...
Background and Aims
Previous economic evaluations of smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women are limited to single components, which do not in isolation offer sufficient potential impact to address smoking cessation targets. To inform the development of more appropriate complex interventions, we (1) describe the development of the Economics of Smoking in Pregnancy: Household (ESIP.H) model...
Aims
This study estimated the likelihoods of individuals transitioning to different cannabis use status following recreational cannabis legalization (RCL) in the United States.
Design
Secondary analysis of a nationally representative longitudinal cohort in the United States. We used propensity score matching to balance individual characteristics between RCL and comparison states and generalized...
Background and aims
In Australia, patterns of use of smoking cessation medications and factors associated with their dispensing are currently not known. This study aimed to measure the demographic and clinical factors associated with varenicline dispensing compared with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and bupropion among first‐time users of Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) subsidised smoking...
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