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Background and Aims
Although screening for unhealthy alcohol use is becoming more common, severe alcohol use disorders (AUDs) associated with the most severe medical and socio‐economic sequelae still often go unidentified in primary care. To improve identification of severe AUDs and aid clinical decision‐making, we aimed to identify a threshold of heavy drinking days (HDDs) associated with severe...
Background and Aims
Representative data on e‐cigarette use among European adolescents are scant. This study reports current vaping and tobacco smoking individual and country‐specific correlates among European students.
Design
Cross‐sectional survey: 2019 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) collecting data on risk behaviours on a representative sample of 16‐year‐old...
Aims
To measure the prevalence and changes in smokers’ discussions with health professionals (HPs) about nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and HPs’ recommendations about NVPs between 2016 and 2020, and their associations with tobacco product use transitions.
Design
Cohort study using multinomial logistic regression analyses on data from waves 1 (2016), 2 (2018) and 3 (2020) from the International...
Background and aims
Tolerance to the effects of alcohol is an important element in the diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD); however, there is ongoing debate about its utility in the diagnosis AUD in adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to refine the assessment of tolerance in young adults by testing different definitions of tolerance and their associations with longitudinal AUD outcomes...
Background and aims
Approach bias modification (ApBM) targeting alcohol approach bias has been previously shown to reduce likelihood of relapse during the first 2 weeks following inpatient withdrawal treatment (IWT). We tested whether ApBM’s effects endure for a longer period by analysing alcohol use outcomes 3, 6 and 12 months post‐discharge.
Design
A double‐blind, sham‐controlled randomized controlled...
Background and Aims
Substance use disorder (SUD) is related to widespread adverse consequences, including higher suicidality. Shared genetic liability has been demonstrated between SUD and suicidality. Here, we measured the factors that contribute to increased risk of non‐fatal suicide attempt among individuals with SUD by focusing upon aggregate genetic risks and both childhood and past‐year environmental...
Background and aims
The United Kingdom (UK) Psychoactive Substances Act (PSA), implemented on the 26th May 2016, made the production, supply and sale of all non‐exempted psychoactive substances illegal. The aim of this study was to measure trends in hospital presentations for severe toxicity following analytically confirmed synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) exposure before and after implementation...
Background and Aims
Topiramate is a medication that is widely prescribed to treat a variety of conditions, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). We used electronic health record (EHR) data to measure topiramate's effects on drinking in individuals differentiated by a history of AUD.
Design
Parallel‐groups comparison of patients prescribed topiramate and a propensity score‐matched comparison group...
Aims
To estimate incidence of post‐release injecting drug use (IDU) among men who injected drugs before imprisonment and determine factors associated with post‐release IDU frequency.
Design, setting, participants
Prospective cohort study of men reporting monthly IDU before a period of sentenced imprisonment in Victoria, Australia, recruited between September 2014 and May 2016 (n = 195).
Measurements...
Aims
To (1) measure the aggregated effect size of empathy deficits in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) compared with healthy controls, (2) measure the aggregated effect sizes for associations between lower empathy and heavier alcohol consumption and more alcohol problems in non‐clinical samples and (3) identify potential moderators on the variability of effect sizes across studies in these...
Aim
To measure the cost‐effectiveness of adding text message (TMB), exercise (EB) and abstinent‐contingent financial incentive‐based (CFIB) stop smoking interventions to standard smoking cessation support for pregnant women in England.
Design
Modelling cost‐effectiveness outcomes by separately adding three cessation interventions to standard cessation care offered to pregnant women in England....
Background and aims
Transdermal alcohol sensors carry immense promise for the continuous assessment of drinking but are inconsistent in detecting more fine‐grained indicators of alcohol consumption. Prior studies examining associations between transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) and blood/breath alcohol concentration (BAC) have yielded highly variable correlations and lag times. The current review...
Background and Aims
In 2013, Uruguay became the first country to legalize and regulate the production and distribution of cannabis for recreational use. We measured whether Uruguay's non‐commercial model of recreational cannabis legalization was associated with changes in the prevalence of risky and frequent cannabis use among secondary school students.
Design
We used data from repeated cross‐sectional...
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