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Background and Aims
Estonia has one of the highest alcohol‐attributable mortality rates within the European Union. The aim of this study was to estimate the efficacy of an on‐line self‐help intervention to reduce problem drinking at the population level.
Design
On‐line open randomized controlled trial with an 8‐week intervention and an active control group (intervention n = 303, control n = 286)...
Aim
To test if there was a reduction in alcohol consumption in wastewater samples in the Northern Territory of Australia after the implementation of a minimum unit alcohol price policy (MUP) in October 2018.
Design, setting, cases
Between August 2016 and February 2020, wastewater samples were collected across 66 sites in the Northern Territory and all other states and territories in Australia....
Background and aims
High‐risk alcohol consumption is associated with compromised health. This study aimed to compare the incidence of alcohol‐related cancers, diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and mortality between those with and without an indication of alcohol use disorder (AUD).
Design
Retrospective, population‐based, matched cohort study using data from the Manitoba Population Research...
Aims
The aims of this study were to (1) estimate the effect of extended‐release naltrexone compared with placebo on alcohol consumption in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and (2) conduct pre‐planned subgroup analyses to test whether being abstinent when initiating treatment (lead‐in abstinence) or the duration of treatment improves treatment efficacy.
Design
Systematic review and random‐effects...
Background and Aims
Alcohol consumption is common in adolescence and young adulthood and may continue into pregnancy, posing serious risk to early fetal development. We examine the frequency of periconception alcohol use (prior to pregnancy awareness) and the extent to which adolescent and young adult alcohol use prospectively predict periconception use.
Design
A longitudinal, population‐based...
Aim
To estimate changes in smoking, drinking and quitting behaviour from before to during the first COVID‐19 lockdown in England, and whether changes differed by age, sex or social grade.
Design
Representative cross‐sectional surveys of adults, collected monthly between August 2018 and July 2020.
Setting
England.
Participants
A total of 36 980 adults (≥ 18 years).
Measurements
Independent...
Background and Aims
Alcohol consumption is increasing among older adults. Rethink My Drink is a brief internet‐delivered intervention to reduce alcohol consumption and related harms, adapted specifically for older adults. This protocol for a large‐scale randomised controlled trial will evaluate whether Rethink My Drink is effective in reducing alcohol consumption and cognitive decline in a sample...
Up to half of individuals with a history of long‐term, heavy alcohol consumption will experience the alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) when consumption is significantly decreased or stopped. In its most severe form, AWS can be life‐threatening. Medically assisted withdrawal (MAW) often forms the first part of a treatment pathway. This clinical review discusses key elements of the clinical management...
Aims
To test the effectiveness of an intervention, Al‐Anon Intensive Referral (AIR), to facilitate participation in Al‐Anon Family Groups (Al‐Anon).
Design, Setting and Participants
Multi‐site, randomized controlled trial of AIR versus usual care (UC), with follow‐up assessments at 3, 6 and 12 months. The 12‐month follow‐up rate was 74%. Residential alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment programs...
Background and aims
There is a higher prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use among Indigenous populations, but there have been few studies of the effectiveness of screening and treatment in primary health care. Over 24 months, we tested whether a model of service‐wide support could increase screening and any alcohol treatment.
Design
Cluster‐randomized trial with 24‐month implementation (12 months...
Background and Aims
Low and middle‐income countries (LMIC) have a disproportionately higher alcohol‐attributable disease burden, in conjunction with a minimal focus on primary prevention. Screening and brief interventions can be a promising approach to address this problem. This systematic review aimed to perform a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of studies of brief interventions for harmful...
Aims
To investigate the acute effects of intravenous alcohol and its metabolite acetaldehyde on cognitive function in healthy individuals.
Design
Experimental pre‐test/post‐test design.
Setting
Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Japan.
Participants
A total of 298 healthy Japanese people age 20 to 24 years.
Measurements
Participants underwent an intravenous alcohol infusion with a target...
Background and aims
Smoking is associated with increased risk for brain aging/atrophy and dementia. Few studies have examined early associations with brain aging. This study aimed to measure whether adult men with a history of heavier smoking in early mid‐life would have older than predicted brain age 16–28 years later.
Design
Prospective cohort observational study, utilizing smoking pack years...
Background and Aims
Molecular genetic studies of alcohol and nicotine use have identified many genome‐wide association study (GWAS) loci. We measured associations between drinking and smoking polygenic scores (PGS) and trajectories of alcohol and nicotine use outcomes from late childhood to early adulthood, substance‐specific versus broader‐liability PGS effects, and if PGS performance varied for...
Aims
To estimate the risks of 12 types of somatic disease—alcohol‐related, blood, cancer, circulatory, digestive, endocrine and metabolic, genitourinary, infectious, musculoskeletal, nervous, respiratory and skin—in individuals with parental alcohol use disorder (AUD) versus a reference population, and to estimate the risks of all‐cause mortality and of death from an alcohol‐related cause.
Design...
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