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Background and Aims
To estimate during pregnancy correlations between frequency of self‐reported use of marijuana and quantified marijuana metabolite in biospecimens including urine, sera and umbilical cord homogenate.
Design
Prospective cohort.
Setting
Two urban hospitals in Colorado with legal recreational and medicinal marijuana.
Participants
Pregnant women (<16 weeks gestation) self‐reporting...
Background and Aims
The idea that cannabis is a ‘gateway drug’ to more harmful substances such as opioids is highly controversial, yet has substantially impacted policy, education and how we conceptualize substance use. Given a rise in access to cannabis products and opioid‐related harm, the current study aimed to conduct the first systematic review and meta‐analysis on the likelihood of transitioning...
Background and Aims
Initial use of drugs such as tobacco and alcohol may lead to subsequent more problematic drug use—the ‘gateway’ hypothesis. However, observed associations may be due to a shared underlying risk factor, such as trait impulsivity. We used bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to test the gateway hypothesis.
Design
Our main method was inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) MR, with...
Aims
To estimate the impact of recreational and medical cannabis laws (RCL, MCL) on the use of cannabis and cigarettes in the United States.
Design
A difference‐in‐difference approach was applied to data from the 2004–17 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).
Setting
United States.
Participants
Nationally representative cross‐sectional survey of Americans aged 12 years and older (combined...
Background
The lack of an agreed international minimum approach to measuring cannabis use hinders the integration of multidisciplinary evidence on the psychosocial, neurocognitive, clinical and public health consequences of cannabis use.
Methods
A group of 25 international expert cannabis researchers convened to discuss a multidisciplinary framework for minimum standards to measure cannabis use...
Background and aims
Cannabis and alcohol are frequently detected in fatal and injury motor vehicle crashes. While epidemiological meta‐analyses of cannabis and alcohol have found associations with an increase in crash risk, convergent evidence from driving performance measures is insufficiently quantitatively characterized. Our objectives were to quantify the magnitude of the effect of cannabis and...
Background and aims
Recreational cannabis was legalized in Canada in October 2018. Initially, the Government of Ontario (Canada’s largest province) placed strict limits on the number of cannabis retail stores before later removing these limits. This study measured changes in cannabis‐attributable emergency department (ED) visits over time, corresponding to different regulatory periods.
Design
Interrupted...
Aim
To quantify the trends in frequent and occasional cannabis vaping, demographic differences and concurrent nicotine and alcohol use.
Design
Observational study. Survey‐weighted multinomial logistic regression models assessed trends and disparities in past 30‐day cannabis use. Trends were assessed overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, parental education and urbanicity. Multinomial logistic regression...
Background and aims
There are few longitudinal studies assessing the association of cannabis use and subsequent onset of bipolar disorder. We aimed to measure the association between early cannabis exposure and subsequent bipolar disorder.
Design, Setting and Participants
Observational study linking a sample from the northern Finland birth cohort 1986 (n = 6325) to nation‐wide register data to...
Background and aim
In Uruguay, residents age 18 and older seeking legal cannabis must register with the government and choose one of three supply mechanisms: self‐cultivation, non‐profit cannabis clubs or pharmacies. This is the first paper to measure the association between type of legal cannabis supply mechanism and traffic crashes involving injuries.
Design
Ecological study using ordinary least...
Background/Aims
The COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly impacted face‐to‐face research. This has propelled ideas and plans for more remote styles of research and provided new perspectives on conducting research. This paper aimed to identify challenges specific to conducting remote forms of experimental addiction research, although some of these challenges apply to all types of addiction research...
Background and aim
The prevalence of tobacco smoking has declined in most high‐income countries, while cannabis use has been rising. Moreover, cannabis use has been found to have increased among cigarette smokers in recent years in jurisdictions where it has been either decriminalized or legalized. This study measured trends in cannabis, tobacco and the co‐use of cannabis and tobacco in Australia...
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