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Aim
To identify the main trajectories of alcohol misuse among UK military personnel from 12 years after the start of the Iraq war (2003) and the factors associated with each trajectory.
Design
Longitudinal cohort study with three phases of data collection (2004–06, 2007–09 and 2014–16).
Setting
United Kingdom.
Participants
Serving and ex‐serving personnel of the UK Armed Forces (n = 7111) participating...
Aims
To investigate whether reduction in opioid use differs when treated by either buprenorphine–naloxone (BUP) or methadone (MET) among adults with comorbid opioid use disorder (OUD) and mental disorders.
Design, Setting and Participants
In a randomized controlled trial, adults with OUD were randomized to 24 weeks of either BUP or MET treatment and were followed up in 3‐yearly assessments. The...
Background and aims
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely prescribed medications for patients with anxiety/depression. These patients often have problems with substance use, but it remains unclear whether the risk of substance misuse is influenced by SSRI treatment. We aimed to determine whether SSRI treatment is associated with a decreased risk of acute substance misuse‐related...
Background and Aims
Alcohol consumption is common in adolescence and young adulthood and may continue into pregnancy, posing serious risk to early fetal development. We examine the frequency of periconception alcohol use (prior to pregnancy awareness) and the extent to which adolescent and young adult alcohol use prospectively predict periconception use.
Design
A longitudinal, population‐based...
Background and Aims
Having a negative cognitive style may lead someone to feel hopeless about his or her situation and be more likely to engage in coping‐motivated drinking. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the association between cognitive style and drinking to cope.
Design
Prospective cohort study.
Setting
The former Avon Health Authority in South West England.
Participants
A total of...
Background and aims
Smoking is associated with increased risk for brain aging/atrophy and dementia. Few studies have examined early associations with brain aging. This study aimed to measure whether adult men with a history of heavier smoking in early mid‐life would have older than predicted brain age 16–28 years later.
Design
Prospective cohort observational study, utilizing smoking pack years...
Background and Aims
Research into alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients' prognosis has largely ignored the longitudinal dynamics in drinking behaviour. This study measured the association between alcohol consumption trajectories and mortality risk in CVD patients.
Design
Prospective cohort study.
Setting
UK‐based Whitehall II Study.
Participants
A total of 1306 participants...
Background and Aims
Binge drinking contributes to the immense public health burden associated with alcohol use, especially among younger drinkers. Little is known about the underlying neurobiology of changes in this behavior over time. This preliminary study aimed to identify neurobiological markers of binge drinking behavior change during emerging adulthood.
Design
Observational prospective investigation...
Background and Aims
Alcohol consumption changes markedly over the life course, with important implications for health and social development. Assessment of these patterns often relies on cross‐sectional data, which cannot fully capture how individuals' drinking changes as they age. This study used data from 18 waves of a general population panel survey to measure drinking trajectories over the life...
Aim
To test whether intrapersonal growth in e‐cigarette advertising exposure over time is associated with growth in e‐cigarette use and/or cigarette smoking.
Design
Longitudinal study using four waves of data were collected in 6‐month intervals between 2018 and 2020.
Setting and participants
Participants were 2327 young adults recruited from colleges in Hawaii, USA.
Measurements
Data were collected...
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