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Background and Aims
The alcohol harm paradox (AHP) posits that disadvantaged groups suffer from higher rates of alcohol‐related harm compared with advantaged groups, despite reporting similar or lower levels of consumption on average. The causes of this relationship remain unclear. This study aimed to identify explanations proposed for the AHP. Secondary aims were to review the existing evidence...
Background and aims
High‐risk alcohol consumption is associated with compromised health. This study aimed to compare the incidence of alcohol‐related cancers, diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and mortality between those with and without an indication of alcohol use disorder (AUD).
Design
Retrospective, population‐based, matched cohort study using data from the Manitoba Population Research...
Aim
To test the association of alcohol consumption with total and cause‐specific mortality risk.
Design
Prospective observational multi‐centre population‐based study.
Setting
Sixteen cohorts (15 from Europe) in the MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) Project.
Participants
A total of 142 960 individuals (mean age 50 ± 13 years, 53.9% men).
Measurements
Average alcohol intake...
Background and Aims
During the past decades, people who inject drugs (PWID) have been impacted by the development of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to combat HIV/AIDS, the prescription opioid crisis and increased use of lethal synthetic opioids. We measured how these dynamics have impacted mortality among PWID in an urban US city.
Design
Prospective cohort study using data from the AIDS...
Background and aims
Despite prescribing declines between 2011 and 2019, opioid morbidity and mortality in the United States continued to rise during this period. We estimated the relationship between opioid prescribing, opioid use disorder (OUD) and fatal opioid overdose in the United States.
Design
Dynamic Markov model.
Setting
United States, using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and...
Background and aims
Although most opioid‐related mortality in Australia involves prescription opioids, most research to understand the impact of naloxone supply on opioid‐related mortality has focused upon people who inject heroin. We aimed to examine the cost and probable impact of up‐scaling naloxone supply to people who are prescribed opioids.
Design
Decision‐tree model. Four scenarios were...
Aims
To estimate the risks of 12 types of somatic disease—alcohol‐related, blood, cancer, circulatory, digestive, endocrine and metabolic, genitourinary, infectious, musculoskeletal, nervous, respiratory and skin—in individuals with parental alcohol use disorder (AUD) versus a reference population, and to estimate the risks of all‐cause mortality and of death from an alcohol‐related cause.
Design...
Background and Aims
The individual‐level effectiveness of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) in reducing mortality is well established, but there is less evidence on population‐level benefits. We use modeling informed with linked data from the OAT program in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to estimate the impact of OAT provision in the community and prisons on mortality and the impact of eliminating...
Background and aim
Effective policies to reduce drug‐related overdoses remain a public health priority. We aimed to estimate the causal effects of a national opioid agonist treatment (OAT) program on population level drug fatalities.
Design
Population‐based prospective cohort study exploiting supply driven variation in treatment uptake across cohort‐age groups generated by the introduction and...
Aim
To investigate the real‐world effectiveness of pharmacological treatments (buprenorphine, methadone) of opioid use disorder (OUD).
Design
A nation‐wide, register‐based cohort study.
Setting
Sweden.
Participants
All residents aged 16–64 years living in Sweden using OUD medication from July 2005 to December 2016 (n = 5757, 71.8% men) were identified from registers of prescriptions, inpatient...
Background and Aims
Research into alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients' prognosis has largely ignored the longitudinal dynamics in drinking behaviour. This study measured the association between alcohol consumption trajectories and mortality risk in CVD patients.
Design
Prospective cohort study.
Setting
UK‐based Whitehall II Study.
Participants
A total of 1306 participants...
Background and Aims
There is a paucity of data on outcomes of opioid use disorder (OUD) from low‐ and middle‐income countries. We aimed to investigate the mortality as well as negative social and health outcomes in a 6‐year follow‐up study of a cohort of individuals with opioid use, including those with OUD, in Iran.
Design and setting
Participants with opioid use initially interviewed in late...
Background and Aims
Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are shown to reduce opioid use and the risk of overdose. People with opioid use disorder (OUD) who exit inpatient medically managed withdrawal programs (detox) without initiating MOUD and linking to outpatient care have high rates of overdose. While detox encounters provide a theoretical opportunity for MOUD initiation, this is not ubiquitous...
Aims
To measure mortality rates and factors associated with mortality risk among participants in the SuperMIX study, a prospective cohort study of people who inject drugs.
Design
A prospective observational study using self‐reported behavioural and linked mortality data.
Setting
Melbourne, Australia.
Participants/cases
A total of 1209 people who inject drugs (67% male) followed‐up between 2008...
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