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Background and aims
Prescription drug‐seeking (PDS) from multiple prescribers is a primary means of obtaining prescription opioids; however, PDS behavior has probably evolved in response to policy shifts, and there is little agreement about how to operationalize it. We systematically compared the performance of traditional and novel PDS indicators.
Design
Longitudinal study using a de‐identified...
Aims
To assess whether naloxone prescribing in clinical contexts targeted pain patients most at risk for opioid overdose.
Design
A retrospective cohort study using data from the Health Facts Database.
Setting
Over 600 United States healthcare facilities.
Participants
Three patient groups were followed for 2 years during 2009 to 2017: individuals with shoulder or long bone fractures (n = 252...
Background and Aims
During the past decades, people who inject drugs (PWID) have been impacted by the development of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to combat HIV/AIDS, the prescription opioid crisis and increased use of lethal synthetic opioids. We measured how these dynamics have impacted mortality among PWID in an urban US city.
Design
Prospective cohort study using data from the AIDS...
Background and aims
Pharmaceutical opioids are a significant contributor to the global ‘opioid crisis’, yet few studies have comprehensively distinguished between opioid types. We measured whether a range of common pharmaceutical opioids varied in their contribution to the rates and characteristics of harm in a population‐wide indicator of non‐fatal overdose.
Design
Retrospective observational...
Background and Aims
This study aimed to (1) describe trends in stimulant‐alone and stimulant and other substance use overdose deaths from 2012 to 2018 and (2) measure patient and service use characteristics across stimulant‐related overdose death profiles.
Design
Retrospective cohort study of patients who died from stimulant‐involved overdose between annual years 2012 and 2018.
Setting
United...
Background and Aims
In light of the accelerating drug overdose epidemic in North America, new strategies are needed to identify communities most at risk to prioritize geographically the existing public health resources (e.g. street outreach, naloxone distribution efforts). We aimed to develop PROVIDENT (Preventing Overdose using Information and Data from the Environment), a machine learning‐based...
Background and aims
Although most opioid‐related mortality in Australia involves prescription opioids, most research to understand the impact of naloxone supply on opioid‐related mortality has focused upon people who inject heroin. We aimed to examine the cost and probable impact of up‐scaling naloxone supply to people who are prescribed opioids.
Design
Decision‐tree model. Four scenarios were...
Background and Aims
The individual‐level effectiveness of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) in reducing mortality is well established, but there is less evidence on population‐level benefits. We use modeling informed with linked data from the OAT program in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to estimate the impact of OAT provision in the community and prisons on mortality and the impact of eliminating...
Background and Aims
Tracking specific drugs contributing to drug overdose deaths is limited when relying on death certificate (DC) data alone. This study aimed to determine whether integrating DC data with medical examiner/coroner reports, including postmortem toxicology and death investigation findings, would enhance identification of (1) heroin and pharmaceutical morphine involvement in overdose...
Background and aims
One‐third of opioid (OPI) overdose deaths involve concurrent benzodiazepine (BZD) use. Little is known about concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use (OPI–BZD) most associated with overdose risk. We aimed to examine associations between OPI–BZD dose and duration trajectories, and subsequent OPI or BZD overdose in US Medicare.
Design
Retrospective cohort study.
Setting
US Medicare...
Background and Aims
There is a paucity of data on outcomes of opioid use disorder (OUD) from low‐ and middle‐income countries. We aimed to investigate the mortality as well as negative social and health outcomes in a 6‐year follow‐up study of a cohort of individuals with opioid use, including those with OUD, in Iran.
Design and setting
Participants with opioid use initially interviewed in late...
Background and Aims
The time lag encountered when accessing health‐care data is one major barrier to implementing opioid overdose prediction measures in practice. Little is known regarding how one's opioid overdose risk changes over time. We aimed to identify longitudinal patterns of individual predicted overdose risks among Medicaid beneficiaries after initiation of opioid prescriptions.
Design,...
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