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Background and Aims
People with mental ill health are more likely to smoke and experience smoking‐related harm than those without. Switching from combustible tobacco to lower‐risk nicotine‐containing products may be of benefit; however, misperceptions of harm may prevent their use. We aimed to assess, among adults with and without mental ill health, (1) perceptions of harm from nicotine and relative...
Aim
To estimate changes in smoking, drinking and quitting behaviour from before to during the first COVID‐19 lockdown in England, and whether changes differed by age, sex or social grade.
Design
Representative cross‐sectional surveys of adults, collected monthly between August 2018 and July 2020.
Setting
England.
Participants
A total of 36 980 adults (≥ 18 years).
Measurements
Independent...
Background and Aims
Although English Stop Smoking Services routinely offer dual nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to help pregnant women to quit smoking, little is known about how nicotine and tobacco smoke exposures following this compare with that from smoking. We compared, in pregnant women when smoking and after being offered dual NRT, saliva cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations...
Aims
To measure the effects of changing attributes of pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) on cigarette packs in a country that has already implemented pictorial HWLs.
Measures
For each choice set, participants were presented with two cigarette packs and asked the following three questions: (1) ‘If only these two cigarette packs were available, which would you buy?’; (2) ‘Each of these two packs...
Background and aims
Smoking is associated with increased risk for brain aging/atrophy and dementia. Few studies have examined early associations with brain aging. This study aimed to measure whether adult men with a history of heavier smoking in early mid‐life would have older than predicted brain age 16–28 years later.
Design
Prospective cohort observational study, utilizing smoking pack years...
This narrative review examines the impact of cigarette smoking and the use of other tobacco and nicotine products on cardiovascular disease. Smoking increases the incidence of both acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases, and the harmful effects are substantially and relatively quickly reversible after quitting. Recommended cessation treatment includes offering pharmacotherapy, counseling which...
Aim
To determine how varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and electronic cigarettes compare with respect to their clinical effectiveness and safety.
Method
Systematic reviews and Bayesian network meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials, in any setting, of varenicline, bupropion, NRT and e‐cigarettes (in high, standard and low doses, alone or in combination) in adult...
Background and aims
Up to 95% of pregnant women seeking treatment for alcohol and other drug (AOD) use smoke tobacco. Previous reviews indicate few effective smoking cessation treatments for this group. This updated review aimed to identify and measure the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions trialled among pregnant women in AOD treatment settings who smoke tobacco.
Methods
A narrative synthesis...
Background and Aims
Molecular genetic studies of alcohol and nicotine use have identified many genome‐wide association study (GWAS) loci. We measured associations between drinking and smoking polygenic scores (PGS) and trajectories of alcohol and nicotine use outcomes from late childhood to early adulthood, substance‐specific versus broader‐liability PGS effects, and if PGS performance varied for...
Background and aims
Studies have indicated that maternal prenatal substance use may be associated with offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) via intrauterine effects. We measured associations between prenatal smoking, alcohol and caffeine consumption with childhood ADHD symptoms accounting for shared familial factors.
Design
First, we used a negative control design comparing...
Aims
To test whether the Stop‐tabac smartphone application (app) increased smoking cessation rates.
Design
A two‐arm, parallel‐group, individually randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial.
Setting and Participants
A total of 5293 daily smokers (Stop‐tabac = 2639, control = 2654) enrolled on app stores and on the internet in 2019–20, who lived in France or Switzerland.
Intervention and comparator...
The use of tobacco during pregnancy is the leading preventable cause of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. In high‐income countries, around one in 10 pregnant women smokes tobacco, while smokeless tobacco is the primary form of tobacco used in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Although the risk of tobacco‐related harms can be reduced substantially if mothers cease smoking in...
Aims
To summarize evidence on tobacco addiction interventions published by the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group (CTAG) from 2019 to 2020.
Methods
Narrative summary of all new and updated Cochrane Reviews published by CTAG in 2019 and 2020, outlining key results and promising avenues for future research.
Results
CTAG published six new reviews and updated 15 reviews. There is high‐certainty evidence...
Aims
To estimate the impact of recreational and medical cannabis laws (RCL, MCL) on the use of cannabis and cigarettes in the United States.
Design
A difference‐in‐difference approach was applied to data from the 2004–17 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).
Setting
United States.
Participants
Nationally representative cross‐sectional survey of Americans aged 12 years and older (combined...
Background and aims
Variation in the TAS2R38 taste receptor gene alters the ability to taste bitter compounds. We tested whether TAS2R38 variation influences early smoking behaviours in adolescence, a critical period of acquisition when taste may influence the natural course of tobacco use.
Design and participants
Observational study (Nicotine Dependence in Teens [NDIT]). Cox proportional hazards...
Background and aims
Smoking is extremely common among adults experiencing homelessness, but there is lack of evidence for treatment efficacy. E‐cigarettes are an effective quitting aid, but they have not been widely tested in smokers with complex health and social needs. Here we build upon our cluster feasibility trial and evaluate the offer of an e‐cigarette or usual care to smokers accessing a...
Background and Aims
Smoking increases the risk of severe COVID‐19, but whether lung function or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mediate the underlying associations is unclear. We conducted the largest Mendelian randomization study to date, to our knowledge, to address these questions.
Design
Mendelian randomization study using summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies...
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