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Aims
To estimate effects of brief substance use interventions delivered in general medical settings.
Methods
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials conducted since 1990 of brief substance use interventions in patients of any age or severity level recruited in general medical settings. Primary outcomes were any measure of substance use or substance‐related consequences (indexed...
Background and aims
Up to 95% of pregnant women seeking treatment for alcohol and other drug (AOD) use smoke tobacco. Previous reviews indicate few effective smoking cessation treatments for this group. This updated review aimed to identify and measure the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions trialled among pregnant women in AOD treatment settings who smoke tobacco.
Methods
A narrative synthesis...
Background and Aims
There is concern that young people may be attracted to e‐liquid flavours, prompting long‐term vaping in naive users and potentially subsequent tobacco smoking. We aimed to review the use of e‐liquid flavours by young people and describe associations with uptake or cessation of both regular vaping and tobacco smoking, adverse effects and subjective experiences.
Design
Systematic...
Background and Aims
Lapse risk when trying to stop or reduce harmful substance use is idiosyncratic, dynamic and multi‐factorial. Just‐in‐time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) aim to deliver tailored support at moments of need or opportunity. We aimed to synthesize evidence on decision points, tailoring variables, intervention options, decision rules, study designs, user engagement and effectiveness...
Aims
To summarize evidence on tobacco addiction interventions published by the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group (CTAG) from 2019 to 2020.
Methods
Narrative summary of all new and updated Cochrane Reviews published by CTAG in 2019 and 2020, outlining key results and promising avenues for future research.
Results
CTAG published six new reviews and updated 15 reviews. There is high‐certainty evidence...
Background and Aims
In India, alcohol per capita consumption (APC) has substantially increased over the past 2 decades. Although consumption does vary across the country, consistent state‐level data are lacking. We aimed to identify all state‐level alcohol exposure estimates since 2000 to (i) model consistent current drinking (CD) (12 months) prevalence estimates for all 36 states/union territories...
Background and aims
Cannabis and alcohol are frequently detected in fatal and injury motor vehicle crashes. While epidemiological meta‐analyses of cannabis and alcohol have found associations with an increase in crash risk, convergent evidence from driving performance measures is insufficiently quantitatively characterized. Our objectives were to quantify the magnitude of the effect of cannabis and...
Aims
To compare quantitatively the efficacy and tolerability of pharmacologically active interventions in the treatment and prevention of alcohol‐induced hangover.
Methods
Systematic review of placebo‐controlled randomised trials in healthy adults that evaluated any pharmacologically active intervention in the treatment or prevention of hangover. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and CENTRAL...
Aims
To investigate the comparative and combined effectiveness of four types of components of behavioural interventions for cigarette smoking cessation: behavioural (e.g. counselling), motivational (e.g. focus on reasons to quit), delivery mode (e.g. phone) and provider (e.g. nurse).
Design
Systematic review and component network meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials identified from Cochrane...
Background and Aims
Individuals impacted by someone else’s alcohol, illicit drug, gambling and gaming problems (affected others) experience extensive harms. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions delivered to affected others across addictions.
Methods
This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items...
Background and Aims
There have been few head‐to‐head clinical trials of pharmacotherapies for alcohol withdrawal (AW). We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the comparative performance of pharmacotherapies for AW.
Methods
Six databases were searched for randomized clinical trials through November 2021. Trials were included after a blinded review by two independent reviewers. Outcomes included incident...
Background and aims
Several studies have indicated an association between maternal prenatal substance use and offspring externalizing disorders; however, it is uncertain whether this relationship is causal. We conducted a systematic review to determine: (1) if the literature supports a causal role of maternal prenatal substance use on offspring externalizing disorders diagnosis and (2) whether these...
Aims
To estimate the effect of acute alcohol consumption on risk‐taking while gambling, examine blood alcohol concentration as a moderator and explore possible moderators of this effect.
Design, Setting and Participants
A systematic review and meta‐analysis was completed. A Boolean search strategy was used to identify studies that included (a) alcohol consumption as an independent variable; (b)...
Background and Aims
Multiple studies have examined barriers and facilitators to help‐seeking, but the prevalence of help‐seeking for problem gambling (PG) is not well established. We aimed to estimate the international prevalence of help‐seeking for PG among the general population and among subgroups of people at risk for PG (i.e. low‐risk, moderate‐risk and PG).
Methods
Systematic search of grey...
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