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Background and Aims
Tobacco control policies may differentially impact smoking initiation among socio‐demographic groups. We measured longitudinal associations between exposure to smoke‐free laws in grade 12 (modal age 18 years) and patterns of smoking initiation in the United States.
Design
Prospective longitudinal analysis.
Setting and Participants
We used data on US young adults sampled at...
Background and Aims
People with mental ill health are more likely to smoke and experience smoking‐related harm than those without. Switching from combustible tobacco to lower‐risk nicotine‐containing products may be of benefit; however, misperceptions of harm may prevent their use. We aimed to assess, among adults with and without mental ill health, (1) perceptions of harm from nicotine and relative...
Aims
To measure the effects of changing attributes of pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) on cigarette packs in a country that has already implemented pictorial HWLs.
Measures
For each choice set, participants were presented with two cigarette packs and asked the following three questions: (1) ‘If only these two cigarette packs were available, which would you buy?’; (2) ‘Each of these two packs...
This narrative review examines the impact of cigarette smoking and the use of other tobacco and nicotine products on cardiovascular disease. Smoking increases the incidence of both acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases, and the harmful effects are substantially and relatively quickly reversible after quitting. Recommended cessation treatment includes offering pharmacotherapy, counseling which...
Background and Aims
Electronic cigarette use has escalated rapidly in recent years, particularly among youth. Little is known about the genetic influences on e‐cigarette use. This study aimed to determine whether genetic risk for regular use of combustible cigarettes or for number of cigarettes smoked per day confers risk for ever e‐cigarette use or frequency of e‐cigarette use.
Design, Setting,...
Background and aims
Up to 95% of pregnant women seeking treatment for alcohol and other drug (AOD) use smoke tobacco. Previous reviews indicate few effective smoking cessation treatments for this group. This updated review aimed to identify and measure the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions trialled among pregnant women in AOD treatment settings who smoke tobacco.
Methods
A narrative synthesis...
Background and Aims
Communication of personalised disease risk can motivate smoking cessation. We assessed whether routine implementation of this intervention by general practitioners (GPs) in England is cost‐effective or whether we need further research to better establish its effectiveness.
Design
Cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) with value of information (VoI) analysis from the UK National...
Background and aims
Smoking prevalence has been falling in England for more than 50 years, but remains a prevalent and major public health problem. This study used an age–period–cohort (APC) approach to measure lifecycle, historical and generational patterns of individual smoking behaviour.
Design
APC analysis of repeated cross‐sectional smoking prevalence data obtained from three nationally representative...
Aims
To measure the prospective relationship between smoking trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood and mental health in later adulthood and test whether this relationship was mediated by concurrent co‐use of alcohol and marijuana.
Design
Longitudinal study using data drawn from rounds 1 to 18 of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), a nationally representative cohort...
The use of tobacco during pregnancy is the leading preventable cause of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. In high‐income countries, around one in 10 pregnant women smokes tobacco, while smokeless tobacco is the primary form of tobacco used in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Although the risk of tobacco‐related harms can be reduced substantially if mothers cease smoking in...
Aims
To summarize evidence on tobacco addiction interventions published by the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group (CTAG) from 2019 to 2020.
Methods
Narrative summary of all new and updated Cochrane Reviews published by CTAG in 2019 and 2020, outlining key results and promising avenues for future research.
Results
CTAG published six new reviews and updated 15 reviews. There is high‐certainty evidence...
Aims
To measure how cigarette packaging (standardised packaging and branded packaging) and health warning size affect visual attention and pack preferences among Colombian smokers and non‐smokers.
Design
To explore visual attention, we used an eye‐tracking experiment where non‐smokers, weekly smokers and daily smokers were shown cigarette packs varying in warning size (30%‐pictorial on top of the...
Aims
To estimate the impact of recreational and medical cannabis laws (RCL, MCL) on the use of cannabis and cigarettes in the United States.
Design
A difference‐in‐difference approach was applied to data from the 2004–17 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).
Setting
United States.
Participants
Nationally representative cross‐sectional survey of Americans aged 12 years and older (combined...
Background and aims
Smoking is extremely common among adults experiencing homelessness, but there is lack of evidence for treatment efficacy. E‐cigarettes are an effective quitting aid, but they have not been widely tested in smokers with complex health and social needs. Here we build upon our cluster feasibility trial and evaluate the offer of an e‐cigarette or usual care to smokers accessing a...
Background and aims
Previous analyses of the effect of e‐cigarettes on real world smoking cessation success have mainly been based on surveys undertaken in the United States and United Kingdom, where nicotine e‐cigarettes can be readily obtained. In Australia, regulations have made obtaining e‐cigarettes containing nicotine difficult. The effectiveness of e‐cigarette use as a smoking cessation aid...
Background and aim
The prevalence of tobacco smoking has declined in most high‐income countries, while cannabis use has been rising. Moreover, cannabis use has been found to have increased among cigarette smokers in recent years in jurisdictions where it has been either decriminalized or legalized. This study measured trends in cannabis, tobacco and the co‐use of cannabis and tobacco in Australia...
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