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Background and Aims
For electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) to be a viable substitute for combustible cigarettes, it is likely that they must be rewarding enough for regular use, indicated by factors such as craving and dependence, important aspects of reinforcement. This study aimed to understand short‐term changes in measures of nicotine dependence between groups differing by use trajectory in...
Background and Aims
To estimate during pregnancy correlations between frequency of self‐reported use of marijuana and quantified marijuana metabolite in biospecimens including urine, sera and umbilical cord homogenate.
Design
Prospective cohort.
Setting
Two urban hospitals in Colorado with legal recreational and medicinal marijuana.
Participants
Pregnant women (<16 weeks gestation) self‐reporting...
Aims
To assess differences in the quality of opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment received by Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in health plans that used prior authorization (PA) for buprenorphine–naloxone compared with those enrolled in plans that did not use PA.
Design, Setting and Participants
Cross‐sectional observational study, United States. Continuously enrolled beneficiaries (71 294) with...
Aims
To estimate the aggregated effect sizes of reward‐related decision‐making deficits in internet gaming disorder (IGD) and to explore potential moderators on the variability of effect sizes across studies.
Design
Review of peer‐reviewed studies comparing reward‐related decision‐making performance between IGD and control participants identified via PubMed, Web of Science and ProQuest databases...
Background and Aims
Anti‐seizure medications (ASMs) have been used historically as treatment options in alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). In the past 10 years, there have been no large‐scale meta‐analyses comparing ASMs with placebo or the current AWS treatment standard, benzodiazepines. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ASMs in AWS.
Methods
Systematic review and meta‐analysis...
Background and aims
Little is known about how perceived norms about alcohol consumption may influence high alcohol consumption rates in Uganda. This study estimated the accuracy of perceived norms about men's alcohol consumption and estimated the association between perceived norms and personal alcohol consumption.
Design
Cross‐sectional, whole‐population, sociocentric social network study.
Setting...
Background and aims
High‐risk alcohol consumption is associated with compromised health. This study aimed to compare the incidence of alcohol‐related cancers, diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and mortality between those with and without an indication of alcohol use disorder (AUD).
Design
Retrospective, population‐based, matched cohort study using data from the Manitoba Population Research...
Background and aims
Incarceration produces a specific public health threat for drug overdose, and correctional settings do not offer medication for opioid use disorder. This study examined the overall impact of jail incarceration on overdose, the specific hazard for those booked on a syringe‐related charge and the proportion of all overdose decedents in the community who were in the jail prior to...
Background and aim
No large‐scale, longitudinal clinical study has examined whether patients with different types of eating disorders (ED) have an increased risk of a subsequent alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study aimed to assess the ongoing risk of receiving a diagnosis of AUD following a first‐time diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or unspecified ED (USED).
Design
Retrospective...
Aim
To test the association of alcohol consumption with total and cause‐specific mortality risk.
Design
Prospective observational multi‐centre population‐based study.
Setting
Sixteen cohorts (15 from Europe) in the MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) Project.
Participants
A total of 142 960 individuals (mean age 50 ± 13 years, 53.9% men).
Measurements
Average alcohol intake...
Background and Aims
In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed to reduce nicotine in cigarettes to minimally or non‐addictive levels. This study qualitatively explored perceptions of nicotine and addiction, both independently and in response to messages communicating about nicotine reduction.
Design
Qualitative study using focus groups. Participants described their perceptions...
Background and aims
Pharmacy administration and dispensing of methadone for methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) can expand treatment access for opioid use disorder (OUD). This study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of a novel model permitting an opioid treatment program (OTP) physician to prescribe methadone for OUD treatment through collaboration with a partnered pharmacy.
Design...
Opioid use disorder (OUD) has gained increasing publicity and interest during recent years, with many countries describing problems of epidemic proportions with regard to opioid use and deaths related to opioids. While opioids are not themselves acutely neurotoxic, the chronic relapsing and remitting nature of this disorder means that individuals are often exposed to exogenous opioids for lengthy...
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