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Background and Aims
During the past decades, people who inject drugs (PWID) have been impacted by the development of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to combat HIV/AIDS, the prescription opioid crisis and increased use of lethal synthetic opioids. We measured how these dynamics have impacted mortality among PWID in an urban US city.
Design
Prospective cohort study using data from the AIDS...
Background and aims
Norwegian alcohol policy measures include national restrictions on sales hours and a state monopoly on retail sales. A 1‐hour extension of sales hours on Saturdays in the monopoly outlets took effect from September 2020. We aim to evaluate whether increase in sales hours results in (1) an increase in alcohol sales in the monopoly outlets and (2) an increase in total alcohol sales,...
Background and Aims
Tobacco control policies may differentially impact smoking initiation among socio‐demographic groups. We measured longitudinal associations between exposure to smoke‐free laws in grade 12 (modal age 18 years) and patterns of smoking initiation in the United States.
Design
Prospective longitudinal analysis.
Setting and Participants
We used data on US young adults sampled at...
Background and Aims
Having a negative cognitive style may lead someone to feel hopeless about his or her situation and be more likely to engage in coping‐motivated drinking. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the association between cognitive style and drinking to cope.
Design
Prospective cohort study.
Setting
The former Avon Health Authority in South West England.
Participants
A total of...
Background and Aims
People with mental ill health are more likely to smoke and experience smoking‐related harm than those without. Switching from combustible tobacco to lower‐risk nicotine‐containing products may be of benefit; however, misperceptions of harm may prevent their use. We aimed to assess, among adults with and without mental ill health, (1) perceptions of harm from nicotine and relative...
Aim
To estimate changes in smoking, drinking and quitting behaviour from before to during the first COVID‐19 lockdown in England, and whether changes differed by age, sex or social grade.
Design
Representative cross‐sectional surveys of adults, collected monthly between August 2018 and July 2020.
Setting
England.
Participants
A total of 36 980 adults (≥ 18 years).
Measurements
Independent...
Background and Aims
Alcohol consumption is increasing among older adults. Rethink My Drink is a brief internet‐delivered intervention to reduce alcohol consumption and related harms, adapted specifically for older adults. This protocol for a large‐scale randomised controlled trial will evaluate whether Rethink My Drink is effective in reducing alcohol consumption and cognitive decline in a sample...
Background and aims
Whether expanded access to naloxone reduces perceptions of risk about opioid use has been subject to debate. Our aim was to assess how implementation of naloxone access laws shapes perceived risk of heroin use.
Design
Using data from the restricted‐access National Survey on Drug Use and Health, Prescription Drug Abuse Policy System and the US Census, we applied two‐way fixed‐effects...
Background and Aims
Although English Stop Smoking Services routinely offer dual nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to help pregnant women to quit smoking, little is known about how nicotine and tobacco smoke exposures following this compare with that from smoking. We compared, in pregnant women when smoking and after being offered dual NRT, saliva cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations...
Background and aim
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) have a high comorbidity of alcohol use disorder (AUD), and both comorbid AUD and excessive alcohol consumption (AC) have been linked to greater illness severity. We aimed to identify genomic loci jointly associated with SCZ, BD, AUD and AC to gain further insights into their shared genetic architecture.
Design
We analysed summary...
Background and Aims
Initial use of drugs such as tobacco and alcohol may lead to subsequent more problematic drug use—the ‘gateway’ hypothesis. However, observed associations may be due to a shared underlying risk factor, such as trait impulsivity. We used bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to test the gateway hypothesis.
Design
Our main method was inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) MR, with...
Aim
To evaluate and document the impacts of re‐scheduling codeine to a prescription‐only medication in Australia in February 2018.
Design
Prospective cohort study. Participants completed an on‐line survey with a range of outcome measures at four time‐points, once before codeine was re‐scheduled (November 2017) and three times after the event: 1 month after (February 2018), 4 months after (June...
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